PCA - WEEDS | TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE |
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
ACE EVERY QUIZ | CONFIDENCE BACKED BY
ACCURACY!
Cotyledons Answer: first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed
plant
First true leaf Answer: first leaves to emerge after cotyledons
Collar Answer: Region in grasses at the junction of the sheath and blade, often lighter
colored than surrounding tissue
Leaf blade Answer: flattened part of leaf
Node Answer: Meristematic point on a stem where one or more leaves arise
Internode Answer: Segment of plant between nodes
Leaf sheath Answer: Basal portion of a leaf, wrapped around the stem above a node.
Almost exclusively monocots
Petiole Answer: The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Auricle Answer: Small lobe or ear-shaped appendage found at the base of the leaf
blade of grasses. Aids in seedling identification
Ligule Answer: A membranous or hairy structure on the inside of a leaf at the junction
of the leaf blade and sheath
Awn Answer: A bristlelike appendage in grasses, usually a continuation of the mid-vein
of the bracts surrounding the flower
Hypocotyl Answer: The stem derived from the portion of the embryo located between
the cotyledons and the radicle
Inflorescence Answer: cluster of flowers
Coleoptile Answer: The covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed.
Tuber Answer: a swollen underground stem
Rhizome Answer: a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots,
and roots
Stolon Answer: a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants
from buds at its tips
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Bulbs Answer: the round parts of some plants that are underground
Recognize the key features used to identify grass seedlings Answer: Leaf blade, collar,
ligule, sheath
Recognize the key features used to identify broadleaf seedlings Answer: Roots, leaf
arrangement, leaf blade, leaf veins, cotyledons, true leaves
What weeds are poisonous to animals? Answer: Jimsonweed, Nightshades, Common
groundsel, coast fiddleneck, yellow starthistle
Identify types of vegetative propagules. Answer: Runners, suckers, stolons, buds,
rhizomes, bulbs
List of unique seed or vegetative growth structures that plants have which aid in
dispersal Answer: Plants with burs or spiked seeds that catch in animal fur, plants that
disperse their seed with tumbling plant parts, plants with seed that are pappus-bearing
for dispersal by wind,
plants which spread with vegetative propagules
plants that produce prolific small seed
Examples of plants with burs or spiked seeds that catch in animal fur Answer: Filaree,
puncturevine, wild oat, foxtail barley, hare barley
Examples of plants that disperse their seed with tumbling plant parts Answer: Russian
thistle
Examples of plants with seed that are pappus-bearing for dispersal by wind Answer:
Hairy fleabane, common groundsel, cattails
Examples of plants which spread with vegetative propagules Answer: Johnsongrass,
yellow nutsedge, field bindweed
Examples of plants that produce prolific small seed Answer: Purslane, pigweed,
smallflower umbrella sedge
List information that should be recorded when monitoring for weeds. Answer: What
weeds are present, where weeds are present, weather conditions, stage of weed growth
List resources to assist in weed identification Answer: UC IPM, Weed Pest
Identification Monitoring Cards, CAC
Function of the xylem (apoplast) Answer: Nonliving tissue in plants that functions
primarily to conducct water and mineral nutrients from roots to the shoot
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Function of the phloem (symplast) Answer: Living tissue in plants that functions
primarily to transport metabolic compounds such as sugars from the site of synthesis or
storage to the site of utilization
Function of chloroplast Answer: Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for
photosyntheis
Function of membranes Answer: Provide a semi-permeable barrier & control the
movement of substances
Function of endodermis Answer: Ring of cells surrounds vascular cylinder
Cell walls are waterproof
Water can only enter vascular cylinder by moving through endodermal cells
Allows plant to control inward flow
Function of epidermis Answer: Outermost layer of cells covering all parts of the primary
plant body above and below ground
Function of cuticle Answer: prevents water loss
Function of apical meristem Answer: Meristem at the tip of the root or shoot in a
vascular plant, capable of cell division and plant growth
Function of root hairs Answer: these structures increase the surface area of the roots
so that they can absorb water efficiently
Function of root tip (meristem) Answer: Point of active cell division within roots
Function of stomata Answer: controls the entering and exiting of gases
Describe the conditions necessary for weed seeds to germinate Answer: Adequate
water, light, temperature
Compare how differing weed germination requirements affect management decisions.
Answer: Seedlings are most vulnerable, so different germination requirements will
influence the management decision as to which method of germination will be used pre-
or post-plant
Define seed dormancy Answer: State in which viable seeds do not germinate. Seeds
have to break dormancy before germination.
Describe some factors that regulate or break seed dormancy Answer:
Scarification/penetration of hard seed coat, chemical inhibition, temperature
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
ACE EVERY QUIZ | CONFIDENCE BACKED BY
ACCURACY!
Cotyledons Answer: first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed
plant
First true leaf Answer: first leaves to emerge after cotyledons
Collar Answer: Region in grasses at the junction of the sheath and blade, often lighter
colored than surrounding tissue
Leaf blade Answer: flattened part of leaf
Node Answer: Meristematic point on a stem where one or more leaves arise
Internode Answer: Segment of plant between nodes
Leaf sheath Answer: Basal portion of a leaf, wrapped around the stem above a node.
Almost exclusively monocots
Petiole Answer: The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Auricle Answer: Small lobe or ear-shaped appendage found at the base of the leaf
blade of grasses. Aids in seedling identification
Ligule Answer: A membranous or hairy structure on the inside of a leaf at the junction
of the leaf blade and sheath
Awn Answer: A bristlelike appendage in grasses, usually a continuation of the mid-vein
of the bracts surrounding the flower
Hypocotyl Answer: The stem derived from the portion of the embryo located between
the cotyledons and the radicle
Inflorescence Answer: cluster of flowers
Coleoptile Answer: The covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed.
Tuber Answer: a swollen underground stem
Rhizome Answer: a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots,
and roots
Stolon Answer: a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants
from buds at its tips
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Bulbs Answer: the round parts of some plants that are underground
Recognize the key features used to identify grass seedlings Answer: Leaf blade, collar,
ligule, sheath
Recognize the key features used to identify broadleaf seedlings Answer: Roots, leaf
arrangement, leaf blade, leaf veins, cotyledons, true leaves
What weeds are poisonous to animals? Answer: Jimsonweed, Nightshades, Common
groundsel, coast fiddleneck, yellow starthistle
Identify types of vegetative propagules. Answer: Runners, suckers, stolons, buds,
rhizomes, bulbs
List of unique seed or vegetative growth structures that plants have which aid in
dispersal Answer: Plants with burs or spiked seeds that catch in animal fur, plants that
disperse their seed with tumbling plant parts, plants with seed that are pappus-bearing
for dispersal by wind,
plants which spread with vegetative propagules
plants that produce prolific small seed
Examples of plants with burs or spiked seeds that catch in animal fur Answer: Filaree,
puncturevine, wild oat, foxtail barley, hare barley
Examples of plants that disperse their seed with tumbling plant parts Answer: Russian
thistle
Examples of plants with seed that are pappus-bearing for dispersal by wind Answer:
Hairy fleabane, common groundsel, cattails
Examples of plants which spread with vegetative propagules Answer: Johnsongrass,
yellow nutsedge, field bindweed
Examples of plants that produce prolific small seed Answer: Purslane, pigweed,
smallflower umbrella sedge
List information that should be recorded when monitoring for weeds. Answer: What
weeds are present, where weeds are present, weather conditions, stage of weed growth
List resources to assist in weed identification Answer: UC IPM, Weed Pest
Identification Monitoring Cards, CAC
Function of the xylem (apoplast) Answer: Nonliving tissue in plants that functions
primarily to conducct water and mineral nutrients from roots to the shoot
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Function of the phloem (symplast) Answer: Living tissue in plants that functions
primarily to transport metabolic compounds such as sugars from the site of synthesis or
storage to the site of utilization
Function of chloroplast Answer: Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for
photosyntheis
Function of membranes Answer: Provide a semi-permeable barrier & control the
movement of substances
Function of endodermis Answer: Ring of cells surrounds vascular cylinder
Cell walls are waterproof
Water can only enter vascular cylinder by moving through endodermal cells
Allows plant to control inward flow
Function of epidermis Answer: Outermost layer of cells covering all parts of the primary
plant body above and below ground
Function of cuticle Answer: prevents water loss
Function of apical meristem Answer: Meristem at the tip of the root or shoot in a
vascular plant, capable of cell division and plant growth
Function of root hairs Answer: these structures increase the surface area of the roots
so that they can absorb water efficiently
Function of root tip (meristem) Answer: Point of active cell division within roots
Function of stomata Answer: controls the entering and exiting of gases
Describe the conditions necessary for weed seeds to germinate Answer: Adequate
water, light, temperature
Compare how differing weed germination requirements affect management decisions.
Answer: Seedlings are most vulnerable, so different germination requirements will
influence the management decision as to which method of germination will be used pre-
or post-plant
Define seed dormancy Answer: State in which viable seeds do not germinate. Seeds
have to break dormancy before germination.
Describe some factors that regulate or break seed dormancy Answer:
Scarification/penetration of hard seed coat, chemical inhibition, temperature
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
