WGU - D307 NEWEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE EXAM
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
suggests that individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before
they can reach their full potential.
The 8 Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(1) Physical/Biological, (2) Safety, (3) Belonging and Love, (4) Esteem, (5)
Cognitive, (6) Aesthetic, (7) Self-actualization, (8) Transcendence.
Deficiency Needs (Maslow)
Composed of physical, safety, love and belonging, and esteem needs
Growth Needs (Maslow)
Composed of cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, and transcendence
needs
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Arnold Gesell's Stages of Physical Development
(define the 4 stages and what physical development entails)
Infancy, Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, Adolescence
Physical development consists of gross motor skills (large muscles) and
fine
motor skills (small muscles); development is "generally" similar
between children of the same age until middle or high school.
Stages of Physical Development (Infancy)
Occurs between the ages of birth and 2 years old; development of several
motor skills; infants hold up their heads, roll over, reach for things, sit,
crawl, and walk, perform movements that require grasping.
By age 2, they can feed themselves using their hands, jump and run
awkwardly, throw a ball, use a zipper, and make towers out of blocks.
Stages of Physical Development (Early Childhood)
Toddlers (ages 2 - 6) are typically in preschool, kindergarten, or primary
school; toddlers love to run, hop, tumble, play, swing.
Their fine motor skills continue to develop, they can string beads, and do
small jigsaw puzzles.
By age 4, toddlers should be able to print their name, dress and undress
themselves, and eat with utensils.
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Stages of Physical Development (Middle Childhood)
Children (ages 6 - 10) are now in primary or elementary school.
Children slowly and steadily gain weight, their coordination improves
leading to participation in organized sports.
Fine motor skills are refined; leading to improved handwriting; drawings
also become more accurate or representational.
Stages of Physical Development (Adolescence)
Youth (ages 10 - 18) are now in middle and high school, experiencing rapid
growth (3 - 5 inches a year). Girls begin puberty earlier than boys. Boys
grow taller and more muscular, and continue growing into early
adulthood whereas girls' growth slows. Girls also reach sexual maturity
around age 12.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Believed that our desire to understand the world comes from a need for
cognitive equilibrium.
It is comprised of 4 stages -- sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational and formal operational.
Schema (Piaget)
Categories of knowledge; we develop these and modify old ones to
better understand the world
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Adaptations (Piaget)
Modifications to the schema that falls into two categories -- assimilation
and accommodation.
Cognitive Equilibrium (Piaget)
an agreement or balance between what we sense in the outside world
and what we know in our minds.
Assimilation (Piaget)
Making sense of new experiences by focusing on how they are similar
to what we already know.
Accommodation (Piaget)
Making sense of new experiences by adding new schema (or by
modifying current schema)
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