Reading Language and Literature
Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION - CORRECT ANSWERS Almost every human child succeeds in
learning language. The most complex skill that a human being will ever master. Nearly all people
succeed in learning this complex skill demonstrates how well language has adapted to human nature.
Language is the complete expression of what it means to be human.
Basic Components of Human Language - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.Phonology
2.Semantics
3.Grammar:
4.Pragmatics:
5.Morphology:
6.Syntax:
phonology - CORRECT ANSWERS The study of the sound system of a given language and
the analysis and classification of its phonemes.
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWERS The system of meanings that are expressed by words and
phrases. In order to serve as a means of communication between people, words must have a shared or
conventional meaning. Picking out the correct meaning for each new word is a major learning task for
children.
,Grammer - CORRECT ANSWERS The system of rules by which words and phrases are
arranged to make meaningful statements. Children need to learn how to use the ordering of words to
mark grammatical functions such as subject or direct object.
Pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWERS The field of study that emphasizes how language is used
in specific situations to accomplish goals
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWERS The study of word formation and structure.
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWERS The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences;the rules
for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language,
Methods for Studying Language Acquisition - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Recording and
transcribing what children say.
2. Researchers can HABITUATE
3. Children can be shown pictures of toys along with their name
Methods for Studying Language Acquision - CORRECT ANSWERS 4. Children can be asked to
answer questions,
5. repeat sentences
6. judgments about grammar.
Reasons for Studying Language Acquisition - CORRECT ANSWERS Having obtained a set of
data from children or their parents, researchers next need to group these data into measures of
particular types of language skills, such as vocabulary, sentences, concepts, or conversational
abilities.
What is Language? - CORRECT ANSWERS Language is the human capacity for acquiring and
using complex systems of communication.
,Linguistics - CORRECT ANSWERS The scientific study of language is called linguistics.
How Many Language are there? - CORRECT ANSWERS Number of languages and dialects.
estimates vary between around 6,000 and 7,000 languages
What does Human Language Rely on? - CORRECT ANSWERS social convention and learning.
How did Language originate? - CORRECT ANSWERS Language is thought to have originated
when early hominins first started cooperating, gradually changing their primate communication systems
as they acquired the ability to form a theory of other minds and shared intentionality.The use of
language is deeply entrenched in human culture.
Where is Language processed in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWERS Language is processed in
many different locations in the human brain, but especially in Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
How do humans acquire language? - CORRECT ANSWERS Humans acquire language
through social interaction in early childhood. Children generally speak fluently when they are around
three years old.
What are the social and cultural uses of Language? - CORRECT ANSWERS Signifying group
identity, social stratification, as well as for social grooming and entertainment.
Semiosis - CORRECT ANSWERS To relate signs with particular meanings. Languages rely on
the process of semiosis.
How are languages Systematic? - CORRECT ANSWERS All languages have systems.
, Phonological system - CORRECT ANSWERS Governs how symbols are used to form
sequences known as words or morphemes.
Universality of Linguistic Structures or Languages - CORRECT ANSWERS All languages are
systemic
All languages are conventional
All languages are redundant.
All languages change.
How are languages Conventional? - CORRECT ANSWERS It means that everyone speaks the
language the same way. All of a certain item has one name.
How are languages Redundant? - CORRECT ANSWERS It means that all languages say the
same things twice (e.g. subject-verb agreement.)
How do languages Change? - CORRECT ANSWERS Languages never stay the same. New
words are added, their is a loss of words, or both.
Syntactic System - CORRECT ANSWERS A system of rules and structures which governs how
words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances.
Potential For Differences among Languages - CORRECT ANSWERS Languages evolve and
diversify over time, and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern
languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had for the later stages to have
occurred.
What is a Language Family? - CORRECT ANSWERS A group of languages that descend from
a common ancestor is known as a language family.