CMN 150V - 1 to 5 Exam With 100% Correct Answers Verified Correct And Trusted Solutions| .

In the late 1980s, less than 1% of all technologically stored information was digital, and now more than 99% - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: so what did he just rattle down? Each 2-3 years, as much is added to what we have accumulated since the very beginning - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: What does it mean that the amount of technologically stored information "doubles" every 2-3 years? More people document social reality nowadays - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: What changed? Every time we (life) came up with a new way of processing information, a major transition happened - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: What do evolutionary theorists say about the "Major Transitions in Evolution" ... society as a whole has become indispensably dependent on digital technology - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: From this social evolutionary perspective, the digital and the biological are merged when: The other one is about how digital tech changes society and this one is about how digital tech changes knowledge production - correct answers UCCSS 1-02: What's the difference between his two online courses? A small number of interrelated variables - correct answers UCCSS 1-04: The first wave of scientific advancements focused on : average of many (rather unknown) variables - correct answers UCCSS 1-04: The second wave of scientific advancements focused on: complexity of modelled with simple averages of a small number of interacting variables - correct answers UCCSS 1-04: Which of the following statements is NOT true? What we here called problems of: Societies contain more than 2-3 variables and are too complex to be modelled with aggregate averages - correct answers UCCSS 1-04: Why is it limiting to study society with the dominant scientific methods from the 19th and 20th century? Networks of people and their tech - correct answers UCCSS 1-05: When doing social science, we study what level of abstraction? At each of these levels, new rules/laws "emerge" that can be studied - correct answers UCCSS 1-05: How and in reference to what did he use the word "emergence"? An ant colony called "Aunt Hillary" - correct answers UCCSS 1-06: Who does the Anteater (a bear-like animal) communicate with in this metaphor? How predictable social patterns emerge from a bunch of individual free will - correct answers UCCSS 1-06: What baffled philosophers like Kant, and sociologists like Durkheim? the intention of the individual and collective intentions of society - correct answers UCCSS 1-06: What was a main distinction made by both economists like Smith and political scientists like Rousseau? The distinction between: More of something (quantitative difference) can at some point create unexpected emergent phenomena (qualitative changes) - correct answers UCCSS 1-06: What did the eminent social scientist Karl Marx mean when he talked about what others called the "basic metaphysical principle of dialectics"? How society emerges from individual parts - correct answers UCCSS 1-06:All different kinds of "social science" disciplines are fundamentally interested in what? He made empirical observations and from there, developed ideas - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: What was the main approach toward science adopted by Charles Darwin? He developed theory, not based on empirical observations, but on ideas and first principles - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: What did Albert Einstein do in 1905 and 1915? Einstein worked on a problem with few varaibles (E=mc^2) and Darwin on one with average tendencies of many observations - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: How does this relate to the "very short history of science" of three consecutive waves that we had reviewed? The digital evidence you leave behind with a digital interaction - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: What is the so-called "digital footprint" or "digital trace"? Data= Analysis = Ideas - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: How do you approach science through induction? a directed bet - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: Loosely speaking, what term can you use to explain what a hypothesis is? Deduction - correct answers UCCSS 1-07: The method that Albert Einstein spearheaded in the work on relativity by going from mathematical theories over hypothesis toward observable phenomena is called: It's very helpful for couples to whack each other with rubber bats to express their resentments - correct answers UCCSS 1-08: What was NOT the takeaway from this anecdote? Examine the logical interrelationships among some collection of verbal statements or thoughts - correct answers UCCSS 1-09: With tongue-in-cheek ('jokingly'), the unconventional name of 'glass of red wine theorizing' is used here to characterize a very common way to deduce hypotheses in the social sciences. Which one? Starting from visionary ideas and then collecting empirical data to test the ideas with hypotheses Starting from an intellectual conversation with leading experts and then formulating hypotheses - correct answers UCCSS 1-09: Which approaches are here informally/ jokingly called "glass of red wine theorizing"? (check all that apply) It's on top of a hierarchy of emergence that subsumes other science disciplines - correct answers UCCSS 1-10: Why did we say that social science is the most complex of all sciences? David Hilbert asked if it's possiblle to automate the decision if something is true or false (Entscheudungsproblem) Kurt Godel showed that it's not possible to find a consistent system with only true statements (Incompleteness Theorem) - correct answers UCCSS 1-10: Important general knowledge question from the realm of science (and it's limits). What was what from whom about what? Check all that apply Truly understanding what these two Hilberts really have to do with each other - correct answers UCCSS 1-10: What is this course NOT about? The group of people here is not necessarily representative of all husbands/wives/boy-/girlfriends - correct answers UCCSS 1-11: What does "sampling issue" mean? What could be wrong with drawing conclusions from this digital footprint data? The group of people here is not necessarily representative of all men - correct answers UCCSS 1-11: What could be wrong with drawing such conclusions from this digital footprint data? Your happiness can be influences by the happiness of a distant friend of a friend - correct answers UCCSS 1-12: Wait! What did he just say? Education - correct answers UCCSS 1-12: Eyeballing this group: can you see a characteristic that goes together with having a computer (on average)? Without tracking social network, we miss an important aspect of how it works - correct answers UCCSS 1-12: The main point of this example was: The network structure of society can reveal insights to make social interventions more efficient - correct answers UCCSS 1-12: What was the key insight in this study? Natural Language Processing (NLP) - correct answers UCCSS 1-13: When computer programs are used to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data, this computer science and artificial intelligence subfield is generally referred to as: We often understand an aspect of reality when building machines that deal with it - correct answers UCCSS 1-13: What was the point of talking about flying machines? He promoted the idea to cooperate with machines in chess - correct answers UCCSS 1-13: What did the Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov do after losing to AI? data are always from the past and by itself cannot predict future dynamics different from the past - correct answers UCCSS 1-14: We know that big data analytics provides a powerful and promising tool for the social sciences, governments, and businesses. It is however no panacea. It turns out that there is an ultimate limitation to the power of big data: More of the same, doesn't always have the same effect Sometimes, with more time, patterns suddenly change Linear extrapolation of some process, often does not work Just like more cooling suddenly converts water into ice, social processes can have unexpected tipping points - correct answers UCCSS 1-14: What do we mean when we say "more is different" (in this context)? (check all that apply) Models are a simplification of a reality hat is way too complex to capture fully - correct answers UCCSS 1-15: What is one of the reasons why all scientific models must be wrong? The self-interest of private business is best prepared to protect the common good (basically Adam Smith) - correct answers UCCSS 1-15: Wait! What was the "solid edifice" that "broke down" for him? Free markets are the best way to organize economies and regulation does not work - correct answers UCCSS 1-15: What was the ideology of the world's most powerful manager of money worldwide for the 20 years between 1987 and 2006? Social science models shape our thinking and can lead to bad outcomes, even with the best intentions - correct answers UCCSS 1-15: What is the main takeaway from the Alan Greenspan example? 100* 1.025* 1.025* ... = 100* 1.025^10 = 128 = grew by 28% - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_1: The population in countries with low human development grows at about 2.5% per year. If you start with a population of 100 people in such country, how much has your population grown after 10 years? Mobile phones and stellites - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_1: In developing countries, the most commonly used 'digital footprint' data is Survey responses (through calling people) + digital footprint (through phone logs) - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_2: What data collection strategy has Prof. Blumenstock used in this study in Rwanda? Extract meaningful measures from data that can be used in a model - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_2: In data science, what is "feature engineering"? what phone use features (from the phone log data) were able to predict the wealth of people (from the survey responses) - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_2: How does Prof. Blumenstock use supervised machine learning (ML) here? He supervised the ML algorithm in learning An identifier of the person making and receiving the call When calls were made Where calls were roughly made The duration of the calls - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_2: What are some of the key variables collected by mobile phone operators, which are being used here? (check all that apply) Hypothesis (informed bet) - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_2: The idea of Prof. Blumenstock that the ratio of outgoing and incoming calls tells us something about the wealth of the users, is called what? the level of wealth (obtainedby a survey) on basis of phone log data (digital trace data) - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_3: OK, so again, how does Prof. Blumenstock use machine learning (ML) here? The ML algorithm is trained to predict: traditionally, the computer is fed with data+program in ML, the computer is fed with data+output in ML, the computer produces a program/ model - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_3: As we just heard, one key difference between "traditional programming" and "machine learning" (ML) is the following (click all the apply) A really weird entropy of something that not even Prof. Blumenstock understands - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_3: The feature of phone log data that is most predictive of wealth in Rwanda is: radio_button_checked A really weird entropy of something that not even Prof. Blumenstock understands He had learned the relationship between phone logs and wealth for a small group 856 users, and then applied this relationship to predict the level of wealth for 1.5 million Rwandans, based on their phone logs - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_3: Wait! What did Prof. Blumenstock do now? are much cheaper and quicker than traditional data collection methods, but less reliable can be used complementary, in between traditional data collection - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_4: Prof. Blumenstock argues that digital trace data, like phone logs... (check all that apply) it is more detailed and therefor allows for better targeting it allows new ways of evaluating impact it is fast, and therefore allow for fast response - correct answers UCCSS_Blumenstock_4: What are some of the benefits of working with digital footprint data? (check all that apply) empirical methods - correct answers UCCSS 2-01: What aspect of the scientific method does "big data" belong to? Some people might post sooner after getting up than others Very early risers might not post at all: they are too stressed Late risers might not post at all: they are late already Mainly young people do such a thing: most grandparents won't post "good morning" on Twitter - correct answers UCCSS 2-03: What might be a problem when using "Good morning" greetings on Twitter as an estimation when people get up? (check all that apply) data that describes data - correct answers UCCSS 2-03: What is "metadata"? integrating multiple data sources to produce more complete data source - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: What is data fusion? A survey acquires data from a PARTICULAR group of people - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: In statistics, 'sampling' is defined as the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. It was just said that "traditional surveys" are samples. Why? False - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: Some 2 out of 7 (almost 30%) of people on Earth are on Facebook. Therefore, Facebook gives a very representative sample of the human population. It is better data than traditional data - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: Here we list several characteristics of "big data". Which one is NOT part of our characterization? Weather and agricultural data were analyzed to estimate the impact of climate change on food production - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: What was done in this case study in Colombia? Farmers were able to triple their economic effectiveness - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: What was the result of putting this readily available data to work? data is so big that we aim for a identifying a representative sample of it - correct answers UCCSS 2-02: OK, again: we identified several characteristics of "big data". Which one is NOT part of our characterization?