Potter & Perry Nursing Fundamentals Chapter 4: Theoretical Foundations & Nursing Metaparadigm

POTTER AND PERRY FUND OF NURSING CHAPTER
4: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
UPDATES

TheAnursingAinstructorAisAteachingAaAclassAonAnursingAtheory.AOneAofAtheAstudentsAasks,A"WhyAdoA
weAneedAtoAknowAthisAstuff?AItAdoesn'tAreallyAaffectApatients."AWhatAisAtheAinstructorsAbestArespo
nse?



a.AYouAareAcorrect,AbutAweAhaveAtoAlearnAitAanyway.

b.AThisAkeepsAtheAfocusAofAnursingAnarrow.

c.ATheoriesAhelpAexplainAwhyAnursesAdoAwhatAtheyAdo.

d.AExposureAtoAtherapiesAwillAhelpAyouAlaterAinAgraduateAschool.A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
c.ATheoriesAhelpAexplainAwhyAnursesAdoAwhatAtheyAdo.



Rationale:ATheoriesAofferAwell-
groundedArationalesAforAhowAandAwhyAnursesAperformAspecificAinterventionsAandAforApredictingAa
nd/orAprescribingAnursingAcareAmeasures.AAlthoughAnursingAtheoryAwillAhelpAtheAnurseAinAgraduat
eAschool,AitAisAalsoAanAimportantAbasisAforAtheAnurse'sAapproachAtoAdailyApatientAcare,AandAitAexpa
ndsAscientificAknowledgeAofAtheAprofession.

TheAnurseAisAcaringAforAaApatientAwhoAdoesAnotAfollowAtheAprescribedAregimenAforAdiabetesAmana
gement.AAsAaAprescriberAtoAOrem'sAtheory,AtheAnurseAinterviewsAtheApatientAinAanAattemptAtoAide
ntifyAtheAcauseAofAtheApatient'sAnonadherence.AWhatAisAtheArationaleAforAtheAnursesAbehavior?



a.AOrem'sAtheoryAisAusefulAinAdesigningAinterventionsAtoApromoteAselfAcare.

b.AOrem'sAtheoryAfocusesAonAculturalAissuesAthatAmayAaffectAcompliance.

c.AOrem'sAtheoryAallowsAforAreductionAofAanxietyAwithAcommunication.

, d.AOrem'sAtheoryAhelpsAnursesAmanipulateAtheApatient'sAenvironment.A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
a.AOrem'sAtheoryAisAusefulAinAdesigningAinterventionsAtoApromoteAselfAcare.



Ratonale:AWhenAapplyingAOrem'sAtheory,AaAnurseAcontinuallyAassessesAaApatient'sAabilityAtoAperfo
rmAselfcareAandAintervenesAasAneededAtoAensureAthatAtheApatientsAmeetAphysical,Apsychological,As
ociological,AandAdevelopmentalAneeds.AAccordingAtoAOrem,ApeopleAwhoAparticipateAinAselfcareAac
tivitiesAareAmoreAlikelyAtoAimproveAtheirAhealthAoutcomes.ALeininger'sAcultureAcareAtheoryAfocuse
sAonAcultureAdiversityAandAprovidesAculturallyAspecificAnursingAcare.AAccordingAtoAPeplau,AnursesAh
elpApatientsAreduceAanxietyAbyAconvertingAitAintoAconstructiveAactions,AusingAtherapeuticAcommu
nication.ANightingale'sAgrandAtheoryAisAaApatient'sAenvironmentAcanAbeAmanipulatedAbyAnursesAto
ArestoreAaApatientAtoAhealth.



AAnurseAisAtestingAmeditationAforAmigraineAheadachesAandAtheAexpectedAoutcomeAofAcareAwhenAp
erformingAthisAintervention.AWhichAtypeAofAtheoryAisAtheAnurseAusing?A



a.AGrandA

b.APrescriptiveA

c.ADescriptiveA

d.AMiddle-rangeA-ACORRECTAANSWER-b.APrescriptiveA



Rationale:AAAprescriptiveAtheoryAdetailsAnursingAinterventionsA(meditation)AforAaAspecificAphenom
enonA(migraineAheadaches)AandAtheAexpectedAoutcomeAofAtheAcare.AGrandAtheoriesAareAbroadAinA
scopeAandAcomplexAandArequireAfurtherAspecificationAthroughAresearch;AitAdoesAnotAprovideAguid
anceAforAspecificAnursingAinterventions.ADescriptiveAtheoriesAdoAnotAdirectAspecificAnursingAactivit
iesAbutAhelpAtoAexplainApatientAassessment.AAAmiddle-
rangeAtheoryAtendsAtoAfocusAonAaAconceptAfoundAinAaAspecificAfieldAofAnursing,AsuchAasAuncertaint
y,Aincontinence,AsocialAsupport,AqualityAofAlife,AandAcaring,AratherAthanAreflectAonAaAwideAvarietyAo
fAnursingAcareAsituations.

TheAnurseAresearcherAisAevaluatingAwhetherAholdingApressureAatAanAinjectionAsiteAafterAinjectingAt
heAanticoagulantAenoxaparinAwillAreduceAbruisingAatAtheAinjectionAsite.AThisAstudyAinvolvesAaApres
criptiveAtheory.AWhatAisAtheAnurse'sArationaleAforAinvolvingAaAprescriptiveAtheory?A



a.AItAexplainsAwhyAbruisingAoccurs.A