CMN 150V EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS|

2 variable problems simple - correct answers problems of simplicity probability many variables air molecules Law of Large Numbers - correct answers problems of averages gives us distribution height - correct answers Law of Large Numbers dealing with problems as a system/whole solution: computational science comes out of war time development especially applicable to problems in social science because they are not simple (more than 2 variables, and hard to build averages because of diversity) - correct answers NEW: problems of organizition/complexity Social Science - correct answers Which science is the most complex? can only tell us what happened in the past - correct answers What is the limitaiton of data no, it is non-stationary - correct answers Does the past equal the future? when the reality of something changes away from a common pattern. Stationarity is lost - correct answers what are phase transitions? different. Heating water up more and more = vapor - correct answers More = History of capitalism is dotted with violent bursts of catastrophes. Evolution is a series of explosions. - correct answers What did Schumpeter say? from interdependence. We influence eachother and this leads to non-linear behavior. - factors like competition - correct answers Where do non-linearities come from? statistical discrimination (therefore seems rational). Data look for differences (inherently discrimnatory) - correct answers What is data mining a form of? discrimination - correct answers Personalization does not equal what? yes, we can make sure they don't discriminate against right based characteristics. (gender, age). We lose some info but they can discriminate on other variables. lose accuracy. - correct answers Can we change how alogrithms discriminate? yes - correct answers Can you eradicate bias in algorithms? simple and large problems but NOT REALISTIC ONES - correct answers What problems can social science handle? 2002 - correct answers What year did we begin to have more digital info than analog? store AND analyze - correct answers What does digital info allow us to do? every 2-3 years - correct answers How fast is information doubling? 5 times more - correct answers How much more digital info do we have stored than the DNA of all humans a great processing innovation RNA (DNA) * how dna info was processed - correct answers What was RNA referenced as? Digital - AI - Sequencing information - correct answers What is the next stage of human evoluiton? 80% of transactions carried out by AI - correct answers Stock market and algorithm Physics (how matter is structured and organized) - correct answers What is the fundamental science society humans cells molecules atoms matter - correct answers What is the pyramid of science allow us to make predictions with what happened and generalize that to society as a whole - correct answers What does computational social science do human (an aggregate) Aunt Hillary (ant colony is a social structure) - correct answers Social science is like studying one... social emergences - correct answers What is at the heart of all social sciences if we have free will then why can we still make predictionsa bout how many people will be born, die, get married, etc? - correct answers What is the question postualized with Kant's "free will" we all contain a spark of the collective current so it is not wholly exterior. - correct answers Durkheim and the "spark" we are all egotistic but in the end these "market mechanisms" promote general good. - correct answers Adam Smith and "invisible hand" Quantitiative differences eventually turn into qualitative changes (this defines emergence) - correct answers Marx different - correct answers More = no - correct answers are we Independently identity distrubuted (IID)? Medium, medium but we can't go with averages because there are variables that arise from interdependencies - correct answers We are _______ diversified and ______ connected complexity arising from simplicity - correct answers Emergence is ________ - more is different - pacemaker cells in heart represent how society runs on exchange of info. - no master mind, jsut exchange of info in a feedback system - Consciousness is an emergence of interactions in our brain - nations only exist because the human interactions within them - correct answers Social emergence - Empirical - Theoretical - Analytical - correct answers What are the three legs of Social Science? observe, data collection, reality CSS version : Big Data DARWIN - correct answers Empircal world of thoughts, theories about societies "just one idea" CSS Version : computer simulations (theories of reality) EINSTEIN - correct answers Theoretical How it happened - correct answers Analytical DATA - THEORY - we do this when we have lots of data - digital footprint has let us do this with social sciences - correct answers Indution HYPOTHESIS - DATA - "bet" - you can only DISPROVE a hypothesis - correct answers Deduction Induction - collected data in his big brother house - small things added up to his data - correct answers Gottman create a theory - verbally deduce a hypothesis then collect data to reject or accept - correct answers What is glass of red wine theorizing? half of what we know about society is wrong but we don't know which half - no one wants to do replication studies to check - correct answers What is the replication crisis? - many degrees of freedom - extremely complex - can't produce reliable results - correct answers Why is social science the most complex on the pyramid of emmergence? how do we decide when we've found the best way to do something? - correct answers What is the decision problem? no one will ever be able to show that this is the best way of doing things - correct answers Incompleteness Theorem? - data colleciton - digital footprint - indution based (starting with data) - correct answers Empirical methods in CS? social network analysis (SNA)