Research NURS 8006 Study Guide Questions With
Complete Solutions
- can statistical tests actually detect true relationships?
-Statistical power- the capacity to detect true relationships; (can
be achieved by having a large enough sample)
- Attrition- loss of participants over time
3 ethical principles that should be considered when examining
research Correct Answers 1.Respect/autonomy (capable of self-
determination), 2.beneficence (researchers must maximize
benefits and minimize risks),
3. Justice (benefits must be fairly distributed)
Anonymity Correct Answers most secure means of protecting
confidentiality, occurs when the researcher cannot link
participants to their data (questionnaires without identifying
data)
Attrition rate Correct Answers loss of participants (to death,
moving away, dropping out) from a study over time
Beneficience Correct Answers responsibility to benefit pts,
improve pt's health and quality of life "DO GOOD"
the duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Human research should produce benefits for participants
themselves or—a situation that is more common—for other
individuals or society as a whole
,-the right to freedom from harm and discomfort- must not be
subjected to unnecessary risks of harm or discomfort, and
participation in research must be essential to achieving societally
important aims
-the right to protection from exploitation- should not place
participants at a disadvantage; assurance that participation or
info given will not be used against
Bio-physical measures Correct Answers type of data collection
method
used to assess important clinical variables; use biophysiologic
instruments both for creating independent variables and for
measuring dependent variables; invivo and invitro measures
case-control study Correct Answers down pyramid a little
further; start with outcome and look back at time and see what
exposures they had
Clinical practice guidelines Correct Answers type of pre-
appraised evidence:
which distill a body of evidence into a usable form; often based
on systematic reviews; give specific recommendations for
evidence based decision making
clinical relevance Correct Answers It is important to appraise
the evidence in terms of its relevance for the clinical situation at
hand. Best practice evidence can most readily be applied to an
individual patient in your care if similar to study under review.
, Cohort study Correct Answers higher on pyramid; prospective
study; prognosis or etiology; start with cause or exposure and
then follow over time to see if outcome is present (Compared to
those not affected by condition under investigation)
components of PICOt Correct Answers P patient population
I intervention, issue of interest
C comparison
O outcome
t time
Confidentiality Correct Answers a pledge that any information
participants provide will not be publicly reported in a manner
that identifies them and will not be made accessible to others
Consecutive sampling Correct Answers type of non-probability
sampling
involves recruiting all people from an accessible population over
a specific time interval, for a specified sample size; all eligible
patients admitted over a 6-month period; if sampling period is
long it helps with biases
selecting every eligible case over a specified period of time or
until a specified sample size is achieved.
construct validity Correct Answers involves inferences from the
particulars of the study to the higher-order constructs they are
intended to represent.; look at whether intervention or setting is
really what researcher is trying to look at to study
Complete Solutions
- can statistical tests actually detect true relationships?
-Statistical power- the capacity to detect true relationships; (can
be achieved by having a large enough sample)
- Attrition- loss of participants over time
3 ethical principles that should be considered when examining
research Correct Answers 1.Respect/autonomy (capable of self-
determination), 2.beneficence (researchers must maximize
benefits and minimize risks),
3. Justice (benefits must be fairly distributed)
Anonymity Correct Answers most secure means of protecting
confidentiality, occurs when the researcher cannot link
participants to their data (questionnaires without identifying
data)
Attrition rate Correct Answers loss of participants (to death,
moving away, dropping out) from a study over time
Beneficience Correct Answers responsibility to benefit pts,
improve pt's health and quality of life "DO GOOD"
the duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Human research should produce benefits for participants
themselves or—a situation that is more common—for other
individuals or society as a whole
,-the right to freedom from harm and discomfort- must not be
subjected to unnecessary risks of harm or discomfort, and
participation in research must be essential to achieving societally
important aims
-the right to protection from exploitation- should not place
participants at a disadvantage; assurance that participation or
info given will not be used against
Bio-physical measures Correct Answers type of data collection
method
used to assess important clinical variables; use biophysiologic
instruments both for creating independent variables and for
measuring dependent variables; invivo and invitro measures
case-control study Correct Answers down pyramid a little
further; start with outcome and look back at time and see what
exposures they had
Clinical practice guidelines Correct Answers type of pre-
appraised evidence:
which distill a body of evidence into a usable form; often based
on systematic reviews; give specific recommendations for
evidence based decision making
clinical relevance Correct Answers It is important to appraise
the evidence in terms of its relevance for the clinical situation at
hand. Best practice evidence can most readily be applied to an
individual patient in your care if similar to study under review.
, Cohort study Correct Answers higher on pyramid; prospective
study; prognosis or etiology; start with cause or exposure and
then follow over time to see if outcome is present (Compared to
those not affected by condition under investigation)
components of PICOt Correct Answers P patient population
I intervention, issue of interest
C comparison
O outcome
t time
Confidentiality Correct Answers a pledge that any information
participants provide will not be publicly reported in a manner
that identifies them and will not be made accessible to others
Consecutive sampling Correct Answers type of non-probability
sampling
involves recruiting all people from an accessible population over
a specific time interval, for a specified sample size; all eligible
patients admitted over a 6-month period; if sampling period is
long it helps with biases
selecting every eligible case over a specified period of time or
until a specified sample size is achieved.
construct validity Correct Answers involves inferences from the
particulars of the study to the higher-order constructs they are
intended to represent.; look at whether intervention or setting is
really what researcher is trying to look at to study
