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NU 545 UNIT 2 2026 STUDY GUIDE
|QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |RATED A+ | NEW AND
REVISED
What is the relationship between epinephrine and body temperature? -
ANSWER- Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, stimulates glycolysis,
increases metabolic rate>>increases body heat
Endorphins - ANSWER- produces greatest sense of exhilaration
provides substantial natural pain relief
Dynorphins - ANSWER- Impedes pain signals, but can incite pain via
up-regulation
Mood disorders
Drug addiction
Endomorphins - ANSWER- Modulate stress and anxiety, feeding
behavior, cough suppression, immune/inflammatory responses, alcohol
intake
Know mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. - ANSWER-
, 2|P a g e
Know heat exhaustion and heat stroke? - ANSWER- Exhaustion: -
prolonged high core/enviro temps
-weak, dizzy, nauseated, faint
Stroke: -core temp >40C/106F>>vascular collapse, cerebral edema,
CNS degeneration, renal tubular necrosis, hepatic failure w/ delirium,
coma/death
-treatment: cooling blankets, ice NOT TOO QUICKLY>>periph
vasoconstriction
Define the different stages of sleep. - ANSWER- NREM: slow-wave
sleep
-75-80% of sleep time
-temp drops
-dependent respiration
REM: rapid eye movement
-time of most dreaming
-20-25% sleep time
-independent respiration
-loss of tongue muscle control>>respiratory obstruction
-loss of REM>>impaired memory and learning
Heat production - ANSWER- -Chemical reactions of
metabolism/maintaining body at rest requires energy and produces heat
-Increased muscle tone and shivering
NU 545 UNIT 2 2026 STUDY GUIDE
|QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |RATED A+ | NEW AND
REVISED
What is the relationship between epinephrine and body temperature? -
ANSWER- Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, stimulates glycolysis,
increases metabolic rate>>increases body heat
Endorphins - ANSWER- produces greatest sense of exhilaration
provides substantial natural pain relief
Dynorphins - ANSWER- Impedes pain signals, but can incite pain via
up-regulation
Mood disorders
Drug addiction
Endomorphins - ANSWER- Modulate stress and anxiety, feeding
behavior, cough suppression, immune/inflammatory responses, alcohol
intake
Know mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. - ANSWER-
, 2|P a g e
Know heat exhaustion and heat stroke? - ANSWER- Exhaustion: -
prolonged high core/enviro temps
-weak, dizzy, nauseated, faint
Stroke: -core temp >40C/106F>>vascular collapse, cerebral edema,
CNS degeneration, renal tubular necrosis, hepatic failure w/ delirium,
coma/death
-treatment: cooling blankets, ice NOT TOO QUICKLY>>periph
vasoconstriction
Define the different stages of sleep. - ANSWER- NREM: slow-wave
sleep
-75-80% of sleep time
-temp drops
-dependent respiration
REM: rapid eye movement
-time of most dreaming
-20-25% sleep time
-independent respiration
-loss of tongue muscle control>>respiratory obstruction
-loss of REM>>impaired memory and learning
Heat production - ANSWER- -Chemical reactions of
metabolism/maintaining body at rest requires energy and produces heat
-Increased muscle tone and shivering
