PUBH 302 EXAM 3 - MONTGOMERY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026
1. three guiding question: 1. Define the public health issue.
2. What are the factors/ determinants involved in this problem?
3. What controversial/ethical concerns may be involved?
2. What is the socio-ecological model?: macro and micro influences on an individuals health
3. micro influences: - innate individuals
- age
- sex
- race
- biological factors
4. macro influences: - social family and community networks
- living and working conditions
- socioeconomic status
5. socioecological influences on health: ecological perspective, risk factors, social and cultural de-
terminate, global health influences
6. ecological perspective: multiple factors and pathways
7. risk factors: increase likelihood of condition or disease
8. social and cultural determinants: social status and standings
9. global health influences: population, pollution, poverty, and more
10. three levels of prevention: primary's secondary, tertiary
11. Primary prevention: prevention of initial development of disease (immunizations, physical activity)
,12. secondary prevention: early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications ( cancer
screening)
13. tertiary prevention: reducing impact of disease (rehabilitation and stroke)
14. similarities of health promotion and education: - utilizes a combination of approaches
- well planned
- focus is on health, quality of life, wellbeing, positive
- targets behavior
15. health promotion unique characteristics: - involuntary choice
- factors
beyond
individual
Macro
,16. health education unique characteristics: - directed at individual factors
- micro
- voluntary choice
17. Character is tics of a program: - referred to as intervention and though of as a treatment
- must be well planned
- single or combination of events
- target group is who is exposed and participates
18. macro level intervention: - for a group of people
- not directed at individuals
- population based
19. Micro level intervention: - for individuals
- person based
20. what is necessary for effective health promotion programs: a combination of both
micro and macro level intervention approaches
21. Community based health promotion: - comprehensive long term approach
- change behavior by influencing cultural norms and enhancing environmental support
- mobilize community leadership and resources
- involves all levels of community
22. examples of health promotion levels using socio economic model and covid-
: - societal: public health recommendation, government mandates, media messaging, racism, cultural norms
- interpersonal/community: geography, household items, public transportation restrictions, workplace requirements
- individual: age, susceptibility, personal fear, gender norms, personal attitudes
23. assumptions of health promotion: - individual behavior change is diflcults
, - health status can be changed
- disease occurrence can be understood
- prevention strategies can be developed for health problems
- health is attected by multiple factors (not just lifestyle)
- changes in micro and macro behaviors and factors can positively attect health
- people and communities can assume responsibility for their health
- individual responsibility does not mean victim blaming
- for permanent behavior change, people must be ready and motivated
ANSWERS 2026
1. three guiding question: 1. Define the public health issue.
2. What are the factors/ determinants involved in this problem?
3. What controversial/ethical concerns may be involved?
2. What is the socio-ecological model?: macro and micro influences on an individuals health
3. micro influences: - innate individuals
- age
- sex
- race
- biological factors
4. macro influences: - social family and community networks
- living and working conditions
- socioeconomic status
5. socioecological influences on health: ecological perspective, risk factors, social and cultural de-
terminate, global health influences
6. ecological perspective: multiple factors and pathways
7. risk factors: increase likelihood of condition or disease
8. social and cultural determinants: social status and standings
9. global health influences: population, pollution, poverty, and more
10. three levels of prevention: primary's secondary, tertiary
11. Primary prevention: prevention of initial development of disease (immunizations, physical activity)
,12. secondary prevention: early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications ( cancer
screening)
13. tertiary prevention: reducing impact of disease (rehabilitation and stroke)
14. similarities of health promotion and education: - utilizes a combination of approaches
- well planned
- focus is on health, quality of life, wellbeing, positive
- targets behavior
15. health promotion unique characteristics: - involuntary choice
- factors
beyond
individual
Macro
,16. health education unique characteristics: - directed at individual factors
- micro
- voluntary choice
17. Character is tics of a program: - referred to as intervention and though of as a treatment
- must be well planned
- single or combination of events
- target group is who is exposed and participates
18. macro level intervention: - for a group of people
- not directed at individuals
- population based
19. Micro level intervention: - for individuals
- person based
20. what is necessary for effective health promotion programs: a combination of both
micro and macro level intervention approaches
21. Community based health promotion: - comprehensive long term approach
- change behavior by influencing cultural norms and enhancing environmental support
- mobilize community leadership and resources
- involves all levels of community
22. examples of health promotion levels using socio economic model and covid-
: - societal: public health recommendation, government mandates, media messaging, racism, cultural norms
- interpersonal/community: geography, household items, public transportation restrictions, workplace requirements
- individual: age, susceptibility, personal fear, gender norms, personal attitudes
23. assumptions of health promotion: - individual behavior change is diflcults
, - health status can be changed
- disease occurrence can be understood
- prevention strategies can be developed for health problems
- health is attected by multiple factors (not just lifestyle)
- changes in micro and macro behaviors and factors can positively attect health
- people and communities can assume responsibility for their health
- individual responsibility does not mean victim blaming
- for permanent behavior change, people must be ready and motivated
