UC DD Exam 1 Study Guide Questions
With Complete Solutions
/.Definition of diagnostic reasoning - Answer-✅Dynamic thinking process that leads to
the identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence.
A method of exploring a patient problem using an approach that is systematic and
organized, resulting into the generation of a hypothesis.
/.What are two factors that affect diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Patient driven factor
or clinician driven factor.
/.What is a patient driven factor that affects reasoning? - Answer-✅increasing acuity,
poor historians, altered mental status, multisystem disease: acute & chronic- ppl have
acute exacerbations of chronic diseases: COPD/CHF/ CAD, multiple complaints.
/.What are clinician driven factor that affects reasoning? - Answer-✅limited experience,
knowledge base, continuous review of data, demants for cost effectiveness and speed,
uncertainty of data: random high lab value (cmp/bmp). Can't understant why value
elevated in this pt. Sometimes you need to redo the test. Look at patient and what data
says to see if they match.
/.What are the 3 types of diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Probabilistic reasoning,
causal reasoning and deterministic reasoning.
/.What is probabilistic reasoning? - Answer-✅(A+B=C)
Associations between clinical data that trigger the potential presence of a disease,
demographic description, presenting manifestations, signs & symptoms, = a probable
cause.
/.What is an example of probabilistic reasoning? - Answer-✅Elderly pt with confusion.
Hx: 6 seeks ago pt was rational and independent. Fell and hit head, losing
consciousness for a little bit of time. Fine the next day. Possible "Chronic subdural
hematoma."
/.What is causal reasoning? - Answer-✅it is based on cause & effect relationship
between clinical data. Corroboration present.
/.What is an example of causal reasoning? - Answer-✅Someone with high triglycerides
at risk for pancreatitis/CAD.
, /.What is deterministic reasoning? - Answer-✅(Guides). Things you know exist like
ABC= airway breathing circulation.
Depends on knowledge that exists as unambiguous rules, outline routine clinical
practice, diagnostic algorithms: ACLS, list of rules.
/.What are 2 patterns of diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Backward reasoning and
forward reasoning.
/.What is backwards reasoning? - Answer-✅Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire
data to uphold it.
-seen with novice clinician, lack of knowledge inhibits construction from data alone,
inefficient, earlier ROS may help trigger development
/.What is forward reasoning? - Answer-✅uses data item of set to generate hypothesis.
Characteristic of experts, dependent on solid knowledge of symptomology, highly
efficient.
/.Definition of diagnositc process? - Answer-✅Combination of systematic analysis and
intuitive knowledge.
/.What does systematic analysis involve? - Answer-✅Involves use of explicit
knowledge.
/.What is explicit knowledge? - Answer-✅knowledge of physical or psychological states,
conditions, or diseases and their associated probabilities, pathophyiological
mechanisms and clinical manifestations.
/.Diagnostic reasoning is - Answer-✅Dynamic thinking process that leads to the
identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence.
/.Backward reasoning: - Answer-✅Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire data to
uphold it.
/.Forward reasoning: - Answer-✅Uses data item or set to generate hypothesis
/.Explicit knowledge: - Answer-✅Knowledge of physical or physiological states,
conditions or diseases and their associated probabilities and pathophysiologies
/.Heuristics are - Answer-✅Rules of thumb- mental strategies that provide shortcuts
/.Pattern recognition is - Answer-✅the ability to recall the patterns of signs and
symptoms for a disease and the ability to distinguish between two manifestations
With Complete Solutions
/.Definition of diagnostic reasoning - Answer-✅Dynamic thinking process that leads to
the identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence.
A method of exploring a patient problem using an approach that is systematic and
organized, resulting into the generation of a hypothesis.
/.What are two factors that affect diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Patient driven factor
or clinician driven factor.
/.What is a patient driven factor that affects reasoning? - Answer-✅increasing acuity,
poor historians, altered mental status, multisystem disease: acute & chronic- ppl have
acute exacerbations of chronic diseases: COPD/CHF/ CAD, multiple complaints.
/.What are clinician driven factor that affects reasoning? - Answer-✅limited experience,
knowledge base, continuous review of data, demants for cost effectiveness and speed,
uncertainty of data: random high lab value (cmp/bmp). Can't understant why value
elevated in this pt. Sometimes you need to redo the test. Look at patient and what data
says to see if they match.
/.What are the 3 types of diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Probabilistic reasoning,
causal reasoning and deterministic reasoning.
/.What is probabilistic reasoning? - Answer-✅(A+B=C)
Associations between clinical data that trigger the potential presence of a disease,
demographic description, presenting manifestations, signs & symptoms, = a probable
cause.
/.What is an example of probabilistic reasoning? - Answer-✅Elderly pt with confusion.
Hx: 6 seeks ago pt was rational and independent. Fell and hit head, losing
consciousness for a little bit of time. Fine the next day. Possible "Chronic subdural
hematoma."
/.What is causal reasoning? - Answer-✅it is based on cause & effect relationship
between clinical data. Corroboration present.
/.What is an example of causal reasoning? - Answer-✅Someone with high triglycerides
at risk for pancreatitis/CAD.
, /.What is deterministic reasoning? - Answer-✅(Guides). Things you know exist like
ABC= airway breathing circulation.
Depends on knowledge that exists as unambiguous rules, outline routine clinical
practice, diagnostic algorithms: ACLS, list of rules.
/.What are 2 patterns of diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-✅Backward reasoning and
forward reasoning.
/.What is backwards reasoning? - Answer-✅Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire
data to uphold it.
-seen with novice clinician, lack of knowledge inhibits construction from data alone,
inefficient, earlier ROS may help trigger development
/.What is forward reasoning? - Answer-✅uses data item of set to generate hypothesis.
Characteristic of experts, dependent on solid knowledge of symptomology, highly
efficient.
/.Definition of diagnositc process? - Answer-✅Combination of systematic analysis and
intuitive knowledge.
/.What does systematic analysis involve? - Answer-✅Involves use of explicit
knowledge.
/.What is explicit knowledge? - Answer-✅knowledge of physical or psychological states,
conditions, or diseases and their associated probabilities, pathophyiological
mechanisms and clinical manifestations.
/.Diagnostic reasoning is - Answer-✅Dynamic thinking process that leads to the
identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence.
/.Backward reasoning: - Answer-✅Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire data to
uphold it.
/.Forward reasoning: - Answer-✅Uses data item or set to generate hypothesis
/.Explicit knowledge: - Answer-✅Knowledge of physical or physiological states,
conditions or diseases and their associated probabilities and pathophysiologies
/.Heuristics are - Answer-✅Rules of thumb- mental strategies that provide shortcuts
/.Pattern recognition is - Answer-✅the ability to recall the patterns of signs and
symptoms for a disease and the ability to distinguish between two manifestations
