PHIL 2306: Introduction to Ethics - EXAM 1 / PHIL 2306 EXAM 1 Questions And Answers (Grade A)

PHIL 2306: Introduction to Ethics - EXAM 1 QUESTION 1 According to hedonism, the key ingredient to the good life is: Happiness Getting what you want Doing God's will Being kind to others QUESTION 2 If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must Bring about other good things Be valuable for its own sake Be recognized to be valuable by everyone, not just some people Be attainable by everyone QUESTION 3 The view that we all do act purely out of self-interest is: Id, Ego, Superego Ethical Egoism Altruism Psychological egoism QUESTION 4 If ethical egoism is true, then everyone has the right To pursue self-interest To be free from interference of others To one's own property To do anything QUESTION 5 The Divine Command Theory states: God's commands are always based on good reasons God did not create morality but always accurately reports it Acts are morally required just because they are commanded by God God created the universe but has nothing to do with morality QUESTION 6 In Plato's Euthyphro, Socrates asks: "What reasons do we have for believing in the gods?" Do they gods love actions because they are pious, or are they pious because they gods love them?" "How do we determine what the gods command us to do?" "Why would someone who does not believe in the gods act justly?" QUESTION 7 Consequentialism states that an action is right if and only if It maximizes the amount of goodness in the world It gives people what they deserve It does not harm anyone It is good for the most people QUESTION 8 Which of the following best describes the relationship between utilitarianism and consequentialism? Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism Consequentialism is a form of utilitarianism Utilitarianism and consequentialism are completely independent theories Utilitarianism and consequentialism are inconsistent QUESTION 9 What is not an attraction of utilitarianism? Impartiality Makes it easy to acquire moral knowledge Justifies conventional moral wisdom Allows for conflict resolution QUESTION 10 Utilitarianism states that it would always be intrinsically wrong (wrong in itself) to: Violate people's rights Kill innocent people Lie to people None of the above QUESTION 11 An example of an attitudinal pleasure would be: The excitement of riding a roller coaster The delicious sensation of eating chocolate cake The enjoyment of listening to your favorite song The feeling of a warm bath QUESTION 12 An example of a physical pleasure would be: The enjoyment of your favorite book The pleasure of another person's company The sensation of a relaxing back massage The sense of accomplishment after finishing a marathon QUESTION 13 What is the paradox of hedonism? Those who try very hard to make themselves happy almost never succeed The less one cares about material things the happier one will be The more one makes other people happy the happier one would be All of the above QUESTION 14 According to the deisre satisfaction theory, we are usually motivated to do what is good for us because We are afraid of the consequences if we fail to do so Our beliefs about the good motivate us to do things Our desires motivate us to do things We are afraid of a divine being's wrath if we fail to do so QUESTION 15 Agnostics are people who Believe that God exists and gives commands Believe that God exists and does not give commands Believe that God does not exist Are not sure whether or not God exists QUESTION 16 Which of the following claims would a deist accept? God does not exist God exists but does not give commands God exists and gives commands God exists, gives commands, and is the creator of morality QUESTION 17 According to natual law theory, an action is right if and only if: It is permitted by the laws of the government It maximizes happiness It is accordance with God's commands It is accordance with human nature QUESTION 18 Rousseau believed that people are , whereas Hobbes believed that people are . Cooperative; selfish Selfish; cooperative Selfish; neither good nor bad Neither good nor bad; selfish QUESTION 19 A psychological egoist would claim that giving up something you want for the sake of a loved one is: In reality a self-interested action Inadvisable Impossible Immoral QUESTION 20 The story of the Ring of Gyges suggests that when people are free to do whatever they want without consequences they tend to behave In ways that are spontaneous and creative More kindly and compassionately Selfishly In the same way they would with consequences QUESTION 21 Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are credited with developing what theory? Utilitarianism Divine Command Theory Natural Law Theory Psychological Egoism QUESTION 22 Killing one person to save 19 others because that produces the best possible overall happiness is an example of: Desire satisfaction theory Divine command theory Utilitarianism Ethical Egoism QUESTION 23 What is the primary motivation for rule consequentialism? It is thought to solve the problem of injustice It avoids the irrational rule worship of act utilitarianism It allows for more flexibility than act utilitarianism It vindicates all existing social norms QUESTION 24 The experience machine thought experiment is supposed to show that happiness is less valuable if it is based on: Immorality Selfishness False beliefs Trivial hobbies QUESTION 25 Which of the following is not one of the three conceptions of human nature, according to Natural Law Theory? Human nature is animal nature Human nature is what is innately human Human nature is what all humans have in common Human nature is only what is rational QUESTION 26 What might be a problem for Divine Command Theory? Sacred texts are open to interpretation How can we prove that a divine being exists? How can we prove that a divine being has a hand in morality? All of the above QUESTION 27 In determining the moral permissibility of the death penalty, which would not be a concern for a consequentialist? Whether or not the death penalty reduces crime Whether or not the death penalty increases security Whether or not the death penalty is applied fairly Whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent for future crimes QUESTION 28 A person for the legalization of prostitution who cites the overall benefit to society through regulation, taxes, etc. might be best described as using what theory? Utilitarianism Ethical Egoism Desire Satisfaction Theory Divine Command Theory QUESTION 29 A person against the legalization of marijuana because of the bad consequences associated with it such as addiction, driving while under the influence, etc. might be best described as using what theory? Desire Satisfaction Theory Divine Command Theory Ethical Egoism Consequentialism QUESTION 30 A person for the legalization of mariuana because people should know what is in their own interests and be able to pursue those interests might be best described as using what theory? Utilitarianism Divine Command Theory Natural Law Theory Ethical Egoism QUESTION 31 A friend asks your advice on what to do in a certain situation and you feel that you can and should help. This might be a problem if you are an ethical egoist because: Someone is not happy in this theory You are treating someone as a means to an end This goes against human nature Other's interests seem to be discounted in this theory QUESTION 32 Your spouse is cheating on you but since you are only interested in happiness, it seems I should lie to you and keep you in the dark. This example might be a problem for what theory? Divine Command Theory Utilitarianism Hedonism Psychological egoism QUESTION 33 You want to go on vacation but it seems that greater overall happiness would require that you give that money to charity instead. This example might be a problem for what theory? Divine Command Theory Utilitarianism Natural Law Theory Ethical Egoism QUESTION 34 You have a minor accident and have to go to the hospital. While you're there, 5 people are rushed in who will die without an organ transplant, and you happen to be a match for all of them! The doctor wants to sacrifice you for the greater good. He is most likely a(n): Act Utilitarian Rule Consequentialist Divine Command Theorist Ethical Egoist QUESTION 35 You reply to the doctor that there are optimific rules such as "Don't sacrifice people" that actually produce the greatest good and get rid of this pesky problem of injustice. You are likely a(n): Act Utilitarian Rule Consequentialist Divine Command Theorist Ethical Egoist QUESTION 36 John Stuart Mill was a Divine Command Theorist True False QUESTION 37 Desire Satisfaction Theory says that something benefits you if and only if it satisfies your desires. True False QUESTION 38 The Euthyphro argument is an argument that points out problems for Divine Command Theory, True False QUESTION 39 Natural Law Theory states that morality is not natural and therefore cannot be true. True False QUESTION 40 Psychological egoism claims that there are altruistic acts (acts done purely for the benefit of someone else). True False QUESTION 41 For utilitarians, the moral community consists of all beings capable of suffering. True False QUESTION 42 Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory. True False QUESTION 43 The ethical theory that says that what is right is determined by one's self-interest is called hedonism. True False QUESTION 44 If something has instrumental value then it is valuable because of the goods it brings about, not for its own sake. True False QUESTION 45 The Ring of Gyges is a movie about where people who watch a certain video die seven days later. True False QUESTION 46 Jeremy Bentham invented ethical egoism. True False QUESTION 47 Physical pleasure is defined as pleasant feelings or sensations. True False QUESTION 48 One problem for utilitarianism is the question of how we can measure well-being. True False QUESTION 49 One problem for ethical egoism is that is does not allow for the existence of moral rights. True False QUESTION 50 One problem for natural law theory is the question of how we can prove a divine being. True False