Dental Radiology Final
Exam (Objectives)
Exam 2026
Question and Answers
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2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
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1. Describe the importance of They are essential for diagnostic purposes; allows the dental
dental radiographs. professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go
undetected and to see many conditions that are not apparent
clinically.
2. List the uses of dental radi- Used for detection of diseases, lesions, and conditions of the
ographs. teeth and bones that cannot be identified by clinical examination.
3. Discuss early pioneers in - William Conrad Roentgen: discovered the x-ray on November 8,
dental radiography and 1895
their contribution.
- Otto Walkhoff: German dentist in 1895 who made the first
dental radiograph
- C. Edmund Kells: New Orleans dentist is credited with the first
practical use of the dental radiograph in 1896
- William H. Rollins: Boston dentist who developed the first dental
x-ray unit
- Frank Van Woert: NYC dentist who was the first to use film in
intraoral radiography
- Howard Riley Raper: Indiana University professor who estab-
lished the first college course in radiography for dental students
4. Describe the history of den- History of dental x-ray equipment: In 1913, Coolidge (electrical
tal x-ray equipment and engineer) developed the first hot-cathode x-ray tube, a high-vac-
film. uum that contained tungsten filament. In 1923, miniature version
of the x-ray tube was placed inside the head of an x-ray machine
and immersed in oil by Victor X-Ray Corporation of Chicago. In
1933, a new machine with improved features was introduced
by General Electric. In 1957, a variable kilovoltage machine was
2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a5p5zi
introduced. In 1966, a recessed long-beam tubehead was intro-
duced.
History of dental x-ray film: In 1913, Eastman Kodak Company
manufactured the first prewrapped intraoral films and conse-
quently increased the acceptance and use of x-rays in dentistry.
In 1920, the first machine-made periapical film packets became
available. Present fast films have improved greatly in reducing the
patient's exposure to radiation than the ones in 1920 (less than
2% exposure time)
5. Discuss the purpose and used for examination of large areas of the maxilla or the mandible
uses of occlusal films.
6. Describe film placement for Tube side/stipled side always facing the teeth; use size 4 film
maxillary and mandibular
occlusal radiographs. Maxillary: PID placed in between eyebrows/nose bridge at +65
degrees
Mandibular: PID placed underneath chin at -55 degrees
*+60 degrees for maxillary on children and -55 degrees for
mandibular
7. State patient position for Maxillary: position the patient with the maxillary arch parallel to
maxillary and mandibular the floor
occlusal radiographs.
Mandibular: position the patient with mandibular arch parallel to
the floor; chin up
8. Discuss primary purpose used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular
and use of bitewing films. teeth on one film; is useful in examining interproximal/adjacent
tooth surfaces
2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a5p5zi
9. Compare open and over- Open: tooth are not touching
lapped contact areas on
dental radiograph. Overlapped: tooth are touching
10. Describe principles of the 1. The receptor is placed in the mouth PARALLEL to the crowns of
bitewing exposure tech- both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
nique. 2. The receptor is stabilized when the patient bites on the
bite-wing tab or the bite-block of the beam alignment device.
3. When using a bite-wing tab, the central ray of the x-ray beam is
directed through the contacts of teeth, using a vertical angulation
of +10 degrees.
11. Discuss correct and incor- Horizontal angulation: correct way - the central ray is directed
rect horizontal and vertical perpendicular to the curvature of the arch and through the con-
angulation. tact areas of the teeth; incorrect way - results in overlapped areas
Vertical angulation: correct way - vertical angulation of +10 de-
grees; incorrect way - results in a distorted image, a bite-wing
image exposed with an excessive negative vertical angulation is
nondiagnostic
12. State the difference be- Positive Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned ABOVE
tween positive and negative the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed DOWNWARD
vertical angulation.
Negative Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned BELOW
the occlusal plane and the central is directed UPWARD
*Vertical Angulation should be set at +10 degrees for bitewings
13. Describe film placement for Premolar bitewings: Lower half of the receptor between the pa-
premolar and molar bitew- tient's tongue and teeth. Place the biting surface of the tab on the
ings. occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth. Center the receptor on the
mandibular 2nd premolar; the front edge of the receptor should
2026
Exam (Objectives)
Exam 2026
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a5p5zi
1. Describe the importance of They are essential for diagnostic purposes; allows the dental
dental radiographs. professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go
undetected and to see many conditions that are not apparent
clinically.
2. List the uses of dental radi- Used for detection of diseases, lesions, and conditions of the
ographs. teeth and bones that cannot be identified by clinical examination.
3. Discuss early pioneers in - William Conrad Roentgen: discovered the x-ray on November 8,
dental radiography and 1895
their contribution.
- Otto Walkhoff: German dentist in 1895 who made the first
dental radiograph
- C. Edmund Kells: New Orleans dentist is credited with the first
practical use of the dental radiograph in 1896
- William H. Rollins: Boston dentist who developed the first dental
x-ray unit
- Frank Van Woert: NYC dentist who was the first to use film in
intraoral radiography
- Howard Riley Raper: Indiana University professor who estab-
lished the first college course in radiography for dental students
4. Describe the history of den- History of dental x-ray equipment: In 1913, Coolidge (electrical
tal x-ray equipment and engineer) developed the first hot-cathode x-ray tube, a high-vac-
film. uum that contained tungsten filament. In 1923, miniature version
of the x-ray tube was placed inside the head of an x-ray machine
and immersed in oil by Victor X-Ray Corporation of Chicago. In
1933, a new machine with improved features was introduced
by General Electric. In 1957, a variable kilovoltage machine was
2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a5p5zi
introduced. In 1966, a recessed long-beam tubehead was intro-
duced.
History of dental x-ray film: In 1913, Eastman Kodak Company
manufactured the first prewrapped intraoral films and conse-
quently increased the acceptance and use of x-rays in dentistry.
In 1920, the first machine-made periapical film packets became
available. Present fast films have improved greatly in reducing the
patient's exposure to radiation than the ones in 1920 (less than
2% exposure time)
5. Discuss the purpose and used for examination of large areas of the maxilla or the mandible
uses of occlusal films.
6. Describe film placement for Tube side/stipled side always facing the teeth; use size 4 film
maxillary and mandibular
occlusal radiographs. Maxillary: PID placed in between eyebrows/nose bridge at +65
degrees
Mandibular: PID placed underneath chin at -55 degrees
*+60 degrees for maxillary on children and -55 degrees for
mandibular
7. State patient position for Maxillary: position the patient with the maxillary arch parallel to
maxillary and mandibular the floor
occlusal radiographs.
Mandibular: position the patient with mandibular arch parallel to
the floor; chin up
8. Discuss primary purpose used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular
and use of bitewing films. teeth on one film; is useful in examining interproximal/adjacent
tooth surfaces
2026
, Dental Radiology Final Exam (Objectives)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a5p5zi
9. Compare open and over- Open: tooth are not touching
lapped contact areas on
dental radiograph. Overlapped: tooth are touching
10. Describe principles of the 1. The receptor is placed in the mouth PARALLEL to the crowns of
bitewing exposure tech- both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
nique. 2. The receptor is stabilized when the patient bites on the
bite-wing tab or the bite-block of the beam alignment device.
3. When using a bite-wing tab, the central ray of the x-ray beam is
directed through the contacts of teeth, using a vertical angulation
of +10 degrees.
11. Discuss correct and incor- Horizontal angulation: correct way - the central ray is directed
rect horizontal and vertical perpendicular to the curvature of the arch and through the con-
angulation. tact areas of the teeth; incorrect way - results in overlapped areas
Vertical angulation: correct way - vertical angulation of +10 de-
grees; incorrect way - results in a distorted image, a bite-wing
image exposed with an excessive negative vertical angulation is
nondiagnostic
12. State the difference be- Positive Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned ABOVE
tween positive and negative the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed DOWNWARD
vertical angulation.
Negative Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned BELOW
the occlusal plane and the central is directed UPWARD
*Vertical Angulation should be set at +10 degrees for bitewings
13. Describe film placement for Premolar bitewings: Lower half of the receptor between the pa-
premolar and molar bitew- tient's tongue and teeth. Place the biting surface of the tab on the
ings. occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth. Center the receptor on the
mandibular 2nd premolar; the front edge of the receptor should
2026
