PHIL 2306 Exam 3 Questions And Answers (Grade A) Download To Score

PHIL 2306 Exam 3 ● Question 1 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Many people claim that a fetus is a person from the moment of conception. In her article, Judith Jarvis Thomson Selected Answer: Grants this for the sake of argument. Correct Answer: Grants this for the sake of argument. ● Question 2 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Thomson, the right to life is Selected Answer: The right not to be killed unjustly. Correct Answer: The right not to be killed unjustly. ● Question 3 ● 2 out of 2 points ● In the case of the violinist, Thomson thinks Selected Answer: It would be nice of you to remain attached, but you are not obligated to do so. Correct Answe It would be nice of you to remain attached, but you are not obligated to do so. ● Question 4 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Thomson, what is the relationship between the right to life and the right to decide what happens to one's body? Selected Answe : The right to decide what happens to one's own body is, in many cases, more important than the rights of the fetus. Correct Answe : The right to decide what happens to one's own body is, in many cases, more important than the rights of the fetus. ● Question 5 ● 2 out of 2 points ● What is the case of the burglar supposed to show in Thomson's article? Selected Answ : That the fact that one could have prevented some outcome doe not mean that one is obligated to accept that outcome. Correct Answ : That the fact that one could have prevented some outcome doe not mean that one is obligated to accept that outcome. ● Question 6 ● 2 out of 2 points ● In Don Marquis' article "Why Abortion is Immoral", he claims that killing is wrong primarily because Selected Answer: It deprives the victim of a future value. Correct Answer: It deprives the victim of a future value. ● Question 7 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Marquis thinks abortion is Selected Answer: Almost always impermissible. Correct Answer: Almost always impermissible. ● Question 8 ● 2 out of 2 points ● An objection to Marquis' position that abortion is immoral because it deprives the victim of a future might be Selected Answer: Fetuses do not themselves value their future Correct Answer: Fetuses do not themselves value their future ● Question 9 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Which of the following does Marquis think is a consequence of his theory? Selected Answer Contraception is immoral because it prevents a future of value. Correct Answer: Contraception is immoral because it prevents a future of value. ● Question 10 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Why doesn't Marquis think that his theory entails the above objection (in #9)? Selected Answer: Unlike abortion, contraception does not involve killing. Correct Answer: Unlike abortion, contraception does not involve killing. ● Question 11 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Retributivism is the view that the harshness of a punishment should be based on Selected Answer: What the criminal deserves Correct Answer: What the criminal deserves ● Question 12 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Igor Primoratz is in favor of the death penalty because he claims that the death penalty is the only penalty that is Selected Answer: Proportional to murder Correct Answer: Proportional to murder ● Question 13 ● 2 out of 2 points ● In response to the objection that there is a chance that innocent people will be executed, Primoratz Selected Answ r: Admits this but claims that it would still be unjust to abolish capital punishment because murderers would not be receiving proportional punishment to their crimes Correct Answ r: Admits this but claims that it would still be unjust to abolish capital punishment because murderers would not be receiving proportional punishment to their crimes ● Question 14 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Primoratz, why can't a murderer claim a right to life for him/herself? Selected Answer: Because he/she has denied another person that very right Correct Answer: Because he/she has denied another person that very right ● Question 15 ● 2 out of 2 points ● How does Primoratz respond to the objection that the death penalty is applied in discriminatory way? Selected Answer: He claims that we shold reform our justice system, but not give up the death penalty. Correct Answer: He claims that we shold reform our justice system, but not give up the death penalty. ● Question 16 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Which maxim best summarizes the principle of lex talionis? Selected Answer: An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Correct Answer: An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. ● Question 17 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Stephen Nathanson, the principle of lex talionis would require us to: Selected Answer: Rape rapists. Correct Answer: Rape rapists. ● Question 18 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Nathanson claims that the principle of lex talionis would give us no guidance in devising a punishment for Selected Answer: Drunk driving Correct Answer: Drunk driving ● Question 19 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Nathanson, why does the proportionality principle fail to support the death penalty? Selected Answer: Because the principle is silent about what the most severe punishment should be Correct Answer: Because the principle is silent about what the most severe punishment should be ● Question 20 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Nathanson, by not executing violent criminals the state is setting an example by promoting the priniciple that Selected Answer: The only justified violence is self-defense. Correct Answer: The only justified violence is self-defense. ● Question 21 ● 2 out of 2 points ● In response to the argument that drugs should be prohibited because they harm users, Michael Huemer, in his article "America's Unjust Drug War": Selected Answer: Points out that we do not punish a number of behaviors tha are self-destructive. Correct Answer: Points out that we do not punish a number of behaviors tha are self-destructive. ● Question 22 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Huemer does not discuss which of the following in "America's Unjust Drug War"? Selected Answer: Drugs and how good they are Correct Answer: Drugs and how good they are ● Question 23 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Huemer, tobacco use Selected Answer Is more concerning than the use of other drugs because it causes greater harm to others overall Correct Answer Is more concerning than the use of other drugs because it causes greater harm to others overall ● Question 24 ● 0 out of 2 points ● In Huemer's article, the case involving Howard is supposed to show that Selected Answer [None Given] Correct Answer The harms caused by drug use are often not the sorts of things for which we should punish people. ● Question 25 ● 2 out of 2 points ● What moral harm does Huemer invoke as comparable with the prohibition of drug use? Selected Answer: Slavery Correct Answer: Slavery ● Question 26 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Jeff McMahan's article, "Why Gun Control is Not Enough", argues for: Selected Answe An almost complete ban on guns in the hands of private citizens Correct Answer: An almost complete ban on guns in the hands of private citizens ● Question 27 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Which of the following is not what McMahan calls a "perverse incentive of increased gun ownership"? Selected Answer: Incentivizes gun manufacturers to lower the cost of firearms Correct Answer: Incentivizes gun manufacturers to lower the cost of firearms ● Question 28 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to McMahan, what is "the central pillar in the case for private gun ownership"? Selected Answer: We are all safer when more individuals have guns Correct Answer: We are all safer when more individuals have guns ● Question 29 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Which of the following best describes McMahan's position on self-defense? Selected Answe Self-defense is derived from the right of security from attack and banning guns would reduce the risk of attack Correct Answe Self-defense is derived from the right of security from attack and banning guns would reduce the risk of attack ● Question 30 ● 2 out of 2 points ● What is McMahan's answer to the argument that hunters and target shooters hav rights should be able to have guns? Selected Answe Hunters could have single-chamber shotguns and target shooters could rent guns at a shooting range Correct Answe Hunters could have single-chamber shotguns and target shooters could rent guns at a shooting range ● Question 31 ● 2 out of 2 points ● How does McMahan deal with the argument that a law banning guns is the same as a law banning alcohol, which was ineffective? Selected Answ r: He says that many people have a craving for alcohol and will consume it regardless of the law, whereas the main reaso for owning a gun is self-defense. Correct Answ r: He says that many people have a craving for alcohol and will consume it regardless of the law, whereas the main reaso for owning a gun is self-defense. ● Question 32 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Michael Huemer's article, "Is There a Right to Own a Gun?", what kind of right does he think justifies the right to own a gun? Selected Answer: A prima facie right Correct Answer: A prima facie right ● Question 33 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Why doesn't Huemer think that the right to own a gun is absolute? Selected Answer: He thinks that no right is absolute Correct Answer: He thinks that no right is absolute ● Question 34 ● 0 out of 2 points ● Which of the following does Huemer think overrides the right to own a gun? Selected Answer: The harms that guns cause Correct Answer: None of the Above ● Question 35 ● 2 out of 2 points ● According to Huemer, why would a gun ban be wrong even if it prevented many deaths? Selected Answer: It would be a violation of (at least some) people's right to self-defense Correct Answer It would be a violation of (at least some) people's right to self-defense ● Question 36 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Huemer believes that gun prohibition is wrong even if it prevented several times more killings than it contributed to. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 37 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Huemer admits that there is no recreational value to owning a gun. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 38 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Louis Pojman is supportive of what he calls "strong affirmative action" policies. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 39 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Pojman claims that in terms of role models, it is important that people can look up to someone of their own race or gender. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 40 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Pojman argues that diversity itself is not important enough to trump merit or competence. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 41 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Pojman claims that strong affirmative action is really just discrimination against a different group. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 42 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Pojman argues that the only time affirmative action is allowable is when we need to provide equal opportunities. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 43 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Daniel Hausman says that every argument for affirmative action has some merit. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 44 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Hausman agrees with Pojman about the reverse discrimination argument. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 45 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Hausman says that the rectification argument is a bad argument for preferential treatment in hiring. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 46 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Hausman says that diversity might be a legitimate goal for a business or university. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 47 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Hausman's example of the elementary school involves what he calls "lifetime opportunities". Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 48 ● 2 out of 2 points ● A Kantian might agree with Pojman that reverse discrimination treats the discriminated party as a means to an end. Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e ● Question 49 ● 2 out of 2 points ● A Utilitarian would say that guns should be prohibited because we have a duty no to interfere with God's plan of who lives and who dies. Selected Answer: Fals Correct Answer: Fals ● Question 50 ● 2 out of 2 points ● Nathanson's argument that we should set an example by not allowing the death penalty is most closely aligned with Virtue Ethics because it is asking "what kind of a society do we want to be?" Selected Answer: Tr e Correct Answer: Tr e