PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds
in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
ǹ
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cellinjury?
ANS:
D
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
a. Ribosome BANK c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS:
D
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
BANK
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe thisprocess.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme
by the pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from
the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
ǹ
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to
the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to
the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
ǹ
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in
the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting asreceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
BANK
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various
`n
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for
amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certainions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
ǹ
concentrations of otherions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly
describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing
drug therapy for whichhuman diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing
drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
human diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders.
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
`n
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma
membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
dissolve inwater) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and
hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options
do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ANS: A
The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular
membranes, their self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many
substances. The remainingoptions do not explain the mosaic model.
ǹ
NURSINGTB.COM
BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds
in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
ǹ
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cellinjury?
ANS:
D
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
a. Ribosome BANK c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS:
D
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
BANK
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe thisprocess.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme
by the pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from
the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
ǹ
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to
the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to
the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
ǹ
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in
the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting asreceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
BANK
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various
`n
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for
amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certainions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
ǹ
concentrations of otherions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly
describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing
drug therapy for whichhuman diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing
drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
human diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders.
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
`n
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma
membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
dissolve inwater) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and
hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options
do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ANS: A
The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular
membranes, their self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many
substances. The remainingoptions do not explain the mosaic model.
ǹ
NURSINGTB.COM
