SNHU-NUR522(Epidemiological & Biostatistical
Applications) midterm Exam Review 2026 (Question &
Answer)
The study of the distribution and determinants of heath-related states or events in specified
populations, and the application of this knowledge to the control of health problems - answerWhat is
Epidemiology
Distribution - answerRefers to person, place, and time
Determinants - answerPhysical, biological, social, cultural,
economic and behavioral factors that influence health
Health-Related States or Events - answerIncludes wellness,
illness, disease, injury, impairments, and disability
Specified Populations - answerThe characteristics of who is
healthy, who is at risk for the disease, and who acquires the disease
Control of Health Problems - answerThe goal of epidemiology is to identify factors associated with the
development of disease as well as factors that prevent illness
Epidemiology focuses on _______________ - answer*Populations* & *Population Health*
Not focused on providing direct care to individuals
6 Core Epidemiological Functions - answerSurveillance
Field Investigations
,Analytical Studies
Evaluation
*Linkages*
Policy
Epidemiology is a ____________ science - answerQuantitative
Study - answerRefers to systematic surveillance, observation, experimentation... use of a scientific
approach
Two Major Branches of Epidemiology - answerDescriptive Epidemiology: *distribution, frequency, and
pattern* of health-related states and events (the who, where, when/person, place, time)
Analytic Epidemiology: *determinants* of health-related states and events (the why/causes)
Mission of CDC - answerProtect the health of the nation
Variable - answerAny characteristic that can vary; the thing being measured or observed
T/F: An operational definition defines how a variable will be measured, and includes the equipment and
procedures that are used in the measurement. - answerTrue
The conceptual definition of a variable:
a. Explains what the variable means.
b. Specifies how a variable should be measured.
c. Describes the standards for measuring a variable.
d. Specifies the precision of the measurements. - answera. Explains what the variable means
Conceptual Definitions - answer*Defines the variable*; dictionary definition
, Operational Definitions - answerSpecifies how variable is measured; describes *operations used to
obtain measurement*
The dependent variable is:
a. The intervention being studied.
b. The outcome variable.
c. The variable manipulated by the researcher.
d. A characteristic of the person being studied. - answerb. The outcome variable
Independent Variable - answerManipulated in a study to see if it affects the outcome(s) being studied
Intervention/treatment
Usually only 1
Effects/causes the outcome of interest
T/F: A study can have more than one dependent (outcome) variable. - answerTrue
Dependent Variable - answer*Outcome*/response variable(s)
Can be more than 1
Caused by independent variable
T/F: The reliability of a weight measurement obtained with an electronic scale refers to the accuracy of
the measurement. - answerFalse
Applications) midterm Exam Review 2026 (Question &
Answer)
The study of the distribution and determinants of heath-related states or events in specified
populations, and the application of this knowledge to the control of health problems - answerWhat is
Epidemiology
Distribution - answerRefers to person, place, and time
Determinants - answerPhysical, biological, social, cultural,
economic and behavioral factors that influence health
Health-Related States or Events - answerIncludes wellness,
illness, disease, injury, impairments, and disability
Specified Populations - answerThe characteristics of who is
healthy, who is at risk for the disease, and who acquires the disease
Control of Health Problems - answerThe goal of epidemiology is to identify factors associated with the
development of disease as well as factors that prevent illness
Epidemiology focuses on _______________ - answer*Populations* & *Population Health*
Not focused on providing direct care to individuals
6 Core Epidemiological Functions - answerSurveillance
Field Investigations
,Analytical Studies
Evaluation
*Linkages*
Policy
Epidemiology is a ____________ science - answerQuantitative
Study - answerRefers to systematic surveillance, observation, experimentation... use of a scientific
approach
Two Major Branches of Epidemiology - answerDescriptive Epidemiology: *distribution, frequency, and
pattern* of health-related states and events (the who, where, when/person, place, time)
Analytic Epidemiology: *determinants* of health-related states and events (the why/causes)
Mission of CDC - answerProtect the health of the nation
Variable - answerAny characteristic that can vary; the thing being measured or observed
T/F: An operational definition defines how a variable will be measured, and includes the equipment and
procedures that are used in the measurement. - answerTrue
The conceptual definition of a variable:
a. Explains what the variable means.
b. Specifies how a variable should be measured.
c. Describes the standards for measuring a variable.
d. Specifies the precision of the measurements. - answera. Explains what the variable means
Conceptual Definitions - answer*Defines the variable*; dictionary definition
, Operational Definitions - answerSpecifies how variable is measured; describes *operations used to
obtain measurement*
The dependent variable is:
a. The intervention being studied.
b. The outcome variable.
c. The variable manipulated by the researcher.
d. A characteristic of the person being studied. - answerb. The outcome variable
Independent Variable - answerManipulated in a study to see if it affects the outcome(s) being studied
Intervention/treatment
Usually only 1
Effects/causes the outcome of interest
T/F: A study can have more than one dependent (outcome) variable. - answerTrue
Dependent Variable - answer*Outcome*/response variable(s)
Can be more than 1
Caused by independent variable
T/F: The reliability of a weight measurement obtained with an electronic scale refers to the accuracy of
the measurement. - answerFalse
