NR 566 Final Exam- Chamberlain
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - Correct answer-Two
most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - Correct answer-Mild
allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - Correct answer-Sedation and
impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists? - Correct
answer-Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - Correct answer-Muscle spasm
and appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists? - Correct
answer-Discomfort
,What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-CNS seizures
and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? - Correct answer-
Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - Correct answer-Reduces
sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-H1
antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? - Correct answer-
They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? - Correct answer-
Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid? -
Correct answer-Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the
next day.
,What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-Dry
mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults? - Correct
answer-Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - Correct answer-Diminishes
redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness? - Correct
answer-Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - Correct answer-They
inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? - Correct answer-
For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to? -
Correct answer-Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults? -
Correct answer-They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the
risk of falls and accidents.
, What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older
adults? - Correct answer-Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? - Correct answer-
Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children? - Correct answer-
They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - Correct answer-Over-
the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years
old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? - Correct answer-
Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy? - Correct
answer-Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding? - Correct
answer-Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a
healthcare provider is recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? - Correct answer-
They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - Correct answer-Two
most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - Correct answer-Mild
allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - Correct answer-Sedation and
impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists? - Correct
answer-Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - Correct answer-Muscle spasm
and appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists? - Correct
answer-Discomfort
,What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-CNS seizures
and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? - Correct answer-
Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - Correct answer-Reduces
sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-H1
antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? - Correct answer-
They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? - Correct answer-
Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid? -
Correct answer-Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the
next day.
,What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - Correct answer-Dry
mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults? - Correct
answer-Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - Correct answer-Diminishes
redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness? - Correct
answer-Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - Correct answer-They
inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? - Correct answer-
For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to? -
Correct answer-Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults? -
Correct answer-They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the
risk of falls and accidents.
, What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older
adults? - Correct answer-Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? - Correct answer-
Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children? - Correct answer-
They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - Correct answer-Over-
the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years
old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? - Correct answer-
Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy? - Correct
answer-Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding? - Correct
answer-Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a
healthcare provider is recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? - Correct answer-
They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
