Solution Manual for General Chemistry 11th Edition by Darrell Ebbing – Complete Answers & Explanations

CHAPTER 1 j



Chemistry and Measurement j j




■ SOLUTIONSjTOjEXERCISES
Notejonjsignificantjfigures:jIfjthejfinaljanswerjtojajsolutionjneedsjtojbejroundedjoff,jitjisjgivenjfirstjwithjonej
nonsignificantjfigure,jandjthejlastjsignificantjfigurejisjunderlined.jThejfinaljanswerjisjthenjroundedjtojthejcor
rectjnumberjofjsignificantjfigures.jInjmultistepjproblems,jintermediatejanswersjarejgivenjwithjatjleastjonejno
nsignificantjfigure;jhowever,jonlyjthejfinaljanswerjhasjbeenjroundedjoff.

1.1. Fromjthejlawjofjconservationjofjmass,
Massjofjwoodj+jmassjofjairj=jmassjofjashj+jmassjofjgasesjSu
bstituting,jyoujobtain
1.85jgramsj+j9.45jgramsj=j0.28jgramsj+jmassjofjgases
or,
Massjofjgasesj=j(1.85j+j9.45j−j0.28)jgramsj=j11.02jgrams
Thus,jthejmassjofjgasesjinjthejvesseljatjthejendjofjthejexperimentjisj11.02jgrams.

1.2. Physicaljproperties:jsoft,jsilvery-coloredjmetal;jmeltsjatj64°C.
Chemicaljproperties:jreactsjvigorouslyjwithjwater,jwithjoxygen,jandjwithjchlorine.

1.3. a.
Thejfactorj9.1jhasjthejfewestjsignificantjfigures,jsojthejanswerjshouldjbejreportedjtojt
wojsignificantjfigures.
5.61j j 7.891
=j4.86j=j4.9
9.1
b. Thejnumberjwithjthejleastjnumberjofjdecimaljplacesjisj8.91.jTherefore,jroundjthejanswerjtojtw
ojdecimaljplaces.
8.91j−j6.435j=j2.475j=j2.48
c. Thejnumberjwithjthejleastjnumberjofjdecimaljplacesjisj6.81.jTherefore,jroundjthejanswerjtojtw
ojdecimaljplaces.
6.81j−j6.730j=j0.080j=j0.08
d. Youjfirstjdojthejsubtractionjwithinjparentheses.jInjthisjstep,jthejnumberjwithjthejleastjnum
berjofjdecimaljplacesjisj6.81,jsojthejresultjofjthejsubtractionjhasjtwojdecimaljplaces.jThejle
astjsignificantjfigurejforjthisjstepjisjunderlined.
38.91jj(6.81j−j6.730)j=j38.91jj0.080
Next,jperformjthejmultiplication.jInjthisjstep,jthejfactorj0.080jhasjthejfewestjsignificantjfigure
s,jsojroundjthejanswerjtojonejsignificantjfigure.
38.91jj0.080j=j3.11j=j3

©j2017jCengagejLearning.jAlljRightsjReserved.jMayjnotjbejscanned,jcopiedjorjduplicated,jorjpostedjtojajpubliclyjaccessiblejwebsite,jinjwholejorjinjpart.

, 1




©j2017jCengagejLearning.jAlljRightsjReserved.jMayjnotjbejscanned,jcopiedjorjduplicated,jorjpostedjtojajpubliclyjaccessiblejwebsite,jinjwholejorjinjpart.

,
, 2 Chapterj 1:j Chemistryj andj Measurement


1.4. a. 1.84jxj10−9jmj=j1.84jnm
b. 5.67jxj10−12jsj=j5.67jps
c. 7.85jxj10−3jgj=j7.85jmg
d. 9.7jxj103jmj=j9.7jkm
e. 0.000732jsj=j0.732jms,jorj732jµs
f. 0.000000000154jmj=j0.154jnm,jorj154jpm

1.5. a. Substituting,jwejfindjthat
5Cj 5Cj
tCj =j j(tFj −j32°F)j=j j(102.5°Fj−j32°F)j=j39.167°C
9Fj 9Fj
=j39.2°C
b. Substituting,jwejfindjthat
j 1jKjj j 1jKjj
TKj =j tj jcj j +j273.15jKj=j −78C
 j j +j273.15jKj=j195.15jK
1Cj 1Cj
   
=j195jK

1.6. Recalljthatjdensityjequalsjmassjdividedjbyjvolume.jYoujsubstitutej159jgjforjthejmassjandj20.2jg/
cm3jforjthejvolume.
m 159jg
dj=j = =j7.871jg/cm3j=j7.87jg/cm3
V 20.2jcm3
Thejdensityjofjthejmetaljequalsjthatjofjiron.

1.7. Rearrangejthejformulajdefiningjthejdensityjtojobtainjthejvolume.
m
Vj=j
d
Substitutej30.3jgjforjthejmassjandj0.789jg/cm3jforjthejdensity.
30.3jg
Vj= =j38.40jcm3j=j38.4jcm3
0.789jg/cm3

1.8. Sincejonejpmj=j10−12jm,jandjthejprefixjmilli-jmeansj10−3,jyoujcanjwrite
10−12j m j 1jmmj j =j1.21jj10−7jmm
121jpmj
j
1jpm 10−3j m

3

67.6jÅ jj 
j10−10j mj j 1jdm j3j =j6.76jj10−26jdm3
  −
3
1.9. 
j j 1jÅ  j10j 1j mj 

1.10. Fromjthejdefinitions,jyoujobtainjthejfollowingjconversionjfactors:
36jin 2.54jcm 10-2j m
1j=j 1j=j 1j=
1jyd 1jin 1jcm
Thejconversionjfactorjforjyardsjtojmetersjisjasjfollows:

©j2017jCengagejLearning.jAlljRightsjReserved.jMayjnotjbejscanned,jcopiedjorjduplicated,jorjpostedjtojajpubliclyjaccessiblejwebsite,jinjwholejorjinjpart.