Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Ed (Dains) | 100% Top Scores 2023/2024

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Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Prim
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ary Care 6th Edition Dains-100% Top scores-2023-2024
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Chapterj1:jClinicaljreasoning,jdifferentialjdiagnosis,jevidence-basedjpractice,jandjsymptomjana

MultiplejChoice
Identifyjthejchoicejthatjbestjcompletesjthejstatementjorjanswersjthejquestion.

1. Whichjtypejofjclinicaljdecision-makingjisjmostjreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Whichjofjthejfollowingjisjfalse?jTojobtainjadequatejhistory,jhealth-carejprovidersjmustjbe:
A. Methodicaljandjsystematic
B. Attentivejtojthejpatient’sjverbaljandjnonverbaljlanguage
C. Ablejtojaccuratelyjinterpretjthejpatient’sjresponses
D. Adeptjatjreadingjintojthejpatient’sjstatements

3. Essentialjpartsjofjajhealthjhistoryjincludejalljofjthejfollowingjexcept:
A. Chiefjcomplaint
B. Historyjofjthejpresentjillness
C. Currentjvitaljsigns
D. Alljofjthejabovejarejessentialjhistoryjcomponents

4. Whichjofjthejfollowingjisjfalse?jWhilejperformingjthejphysicaljexamination,jthejexaminerjmustjbejablejto:
A. Differentiatejbetweenjnormaljandjabnormaljfindings
B. Recalljknowledgejofjajrangejofjconditionsjandjtheirjassociatedjsignsjandjsymptoms
C. Recognizejhowjcertainjconditionsjaffectjthejresponsejtojotherjconditions
D. Foreseejunpredictablejfindings

5. Thejfollowingjisjthejleastjreliablejsourcejofjinformationjforjdiagnosticjstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedjinvestigations
B. Primaryjreportsjofjresearch
C. Estimationjbasedjonjajprovider’sjexperience
D. Publishedj meta-analyses

6. Thejfollowingjcanjbejusedjtojassistjinjsoundjclinicaljdecision-making:
A. Algorithmjpublishedjinjajpeer-reviewedjjournaljarticle
B. Clinicaljpracticejguidelines
C. Evidence-basedj research
D. Alljofjthejabove

7. Ifjajdiagnosticjstudyjhasjhighjsensitivity,jthisjindicatesja:
A. Highjpercentagejofjpersonsjwithjthejgivenjconditionjwilljhavejanjabnormaljresult
B. Lowjpercentagejofjpersonsjwithjthejgivenjconditionjwilljhavejanjabnormaljresult
C. Lowjlikelihoodjofjnormaljresultjinjpersonsjwithoutjajgivenjcondition
D. Nonejofjthejabove

8. Ifjajdiagnosticjstudyjhasjhighjspecificity,jthisjindicatesja:
A. Lowjpercentagejofjhealthyjindividualsjwilljshowjajnormaljresult
B. Highjpercentagejofjhealthyjindividualsjwilljshowjajnormaljresult
C. Highjpercentagejofjindividualsjwithjajdisorderjwilljshowjajnormaljresult
D. Lowjpercentagejofjindividualsjwithjajdisorderjwilljshowjanjabnormaljresult

9. Ajlikelihoodjratiojabovej1jindicatesjthatjajdiagnosticjtestjshowingja:
A. Positivejresultjisjstronglyjassociatedjwithjthejdisease
B. Negativejresultjisjstronglyjassociatedjwithjabsencejofjthejdisease
C. Positivejresultjisjweaklyjassociatedjwithjthejdisease
D. Negativejresultjisjweaklyjassociatedjwithjabsencejofjthejdisease

10. Whichjofjthejfollowingjclinicaljreasoningjtoolsjisjdefinedjasjevidence-
basedjresourcejbasedjonjmathematicaljmodelingjtojexpressjthejlikelihoodjofjajconditionjinjselectjsituations,jsettings,jand/orjpatie
nts?

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A. Clinicaljpracticejguideline
B. Clinicaljdecisionjrule
C. Clinicaljalgorithm
Chapterj1:jClinicaljreasoning,jdifferentialjdiagnosis,jevidence-basedjpractice,jandjsymptomjana
AnswerjSection

MULTIPLEjCHOICE

1. ANS: B
Croskerryj(2009)jdescribesjtwojmajorjtypesjofjclinicaljdiagnosticjdecision-making:jintuitivejandjanalytical.jIntuitivejdecision-
jmakingj(similarjtojAugenblinkjdecision-
making)jisjbasedjonjthejexperiencejandjintuitionjofjthejclinicianjandjisjlessjreliablejandjpairedjwithjfairlyjcommonjerrors.jInjcontr
ast,janalyticaljdecision-makingjisjbasedjonjcarefuljconsiderationjandjhasjgreaterjreliabilityjwithjrarejerrors.

PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tojobtainjadequatejhistory,jprovidersjmustjbejwelljorganized,jattentivejtojthejpatient’sjverbaljandjnonverbaljlanguage,jandjablejtoj
accuratelyjinterpretjthejpatient’sjresponsesjtojquestions.jRatherjthanjreadingjintojthejpatient’sjstatements,jtheyjclarifyjanyjareasjof
juncertainty.

PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitaljsignsjarejpartjofjthejphysicaljexaminationjportionjofjpatientjassessment,jnotjpartjofjthejhealthjhistory.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilejperformingjthejphysicaljexamination,jthejexaminerjmustjbejablejtojdifferentiatejbetweenjnormaljandjabnormaljfindings,jrec
alljknowledgejofjajrangejofjconditions,jincludingjtheirjassociatedjsignsjandjsymptoms,jrecognizejhowjcertainjconditionsjaffectjthejr
esponsejtojotherjconditions,jandjdistinguishjthejrelevancejofjvariedjabnormaljfindings.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesjforjdiagnosticjstatisticsjincludejtextbooks,jprimaryjreportsjofjresearch,jandjpublishedjmeta-
analyses.jAnotherjsourcejofjstatistics,jthejonejthatjhasjbeenjmostjwidelyjusedjandjavailablejforjapplicationjtojthejreasoningjprocess
,jisjthejestimationjbasedjonjajprovider’sjexperience,jalthoughjthesejarejrarelyjaccurate.jOverjthejpastjdecade,jthejavailabilityjofjevi
dencejonjwhichjtojbasejclinicaljreasoningjisjimproving,jandjtherejisjanjincreasingjexpectationjthatjclinicaljreasoningjbejbasedjonjs
cientificjevidence.
Evidence-basedjstatisticsjarejalsojincreasinglyjbeingjusedjtojdevelopjresourcesjtojfacilitatejclinicaljdecision-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tojassistjinjclinicaljdecision-making,jajnumberjofjevidence-
basedjresourcesjhavejbeenjdevelopedjtojassistjthejclinician.jResources,jsuchjasjalgorithmsjandjclinicaljpracticejguidelines,jassistji
njclinicaljreasoningjwhenjproperlyjapplied.

PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thejsensitivityjofjajdiagnosticjstudyjisjthejpercentagejofjindividualsjwithjthejtargetjconditionjwhojshowjanjabnormal,jorjpositive,jre
sult.jAjhighjsensitivityjindicatesjthatjajgreaterjpercentagejofjpersonsjwithjthejgivenjconditionjwilljhavejanjabnormaljresult.

PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thejspecificityjofjajdiagnosticjstudyjisjthejpercentagejofjnormal,jhealthyjindividualsjwhojhavejajnormaljresult.jThejgreaterjthejspe
cificity,jthejgreaterjthejpercentagejofjindividualsjwhojwilljhavejnegative,jorjnormal,jresultsjifjtheyjdojnotjhavejthejtargetjcondition
.

PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thejlikelihoodjratiojisjthejprobabilityjthatjajpositivejtestjresultjwilljbejassociatedjwithjajpersonjwhojhasjthejtargetjconditionjandjajn
egativejresultjwilljbejassociatedjwithjajhealthyjperson.jAjlikelihoodjratiojabovej1jindicatesjthatjajpositivejresultjisj associatedjwithjt
hejdisease;jajlikelihoodjratiojlessjthanj1jindicatesjthatjajnegativejresultjisjassociatedjwithjanjabsencejofjthejdisease.

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PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicaljdecisionj(orjprediction)jrulesjprovidejanotherjsupportjforjclinicaljreasoning.jClinicaljdecisionjrulesjarejevidence-
basedjresourcesjthatjprovidejprobabilisticjstatementsjregardingjthejlikelihoodjthatjajconditionjexistsjifjcertainjvariablesjarejmetjwi
thjregardjtojthejprognosisjofjpatientsjwithjspecificjfindings.jDecisionjrulesjusejmathematicaljmodelsjandjarejspecificjtojcertainjsit
uations,jsettings,jand/orjpatientjcharacteristics.

PTS: 1

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Chapterj2.jEvidence-basedjhealthjscreening




MultiplejChoice
Identifyjthejchoicejthatjbestjcompletesjthejstatementjorjanswersjthejquestion.

1. Thejfirstjstepjinjthejgenomicjassessmentjofjajpatientjisjobtainingjinformationjregarding:
A. Familyjhistory
B. Environmentaljexposures
C. Lifestylejandjbehaviors
D. Currentjmedications

2. Anjaffectedjindividualjwhojmanifestsjsymptomsjofjajparticularjconditionjthroughjwhomjajfamilyjwithjajgeneticjd
isorderjisjascertainedjisjcalledja(n):
A. Consultand
B. Consulband
C. Indexjpatient
D. Proband

3. Anjautosomaljdominantjdisorderjinvolvesjthe:
A. Xjchromosome
B. Yjchromosome
C. MitochondrialjDNA
D. Non-sexjchromosomes

4. Tojillustratejajunionjbetweenjtwojsecondjcousinjfamilyjmembersjinjajpedigree,jdraw:
A. Arrowsjpointingjtojthejmalejandjfemale
B. Bracketsjaroundjthejmalejandjfemale
C. Doublejhorizontaljlinesjbetweenjthejmalejandjfemale
D. Circlesjaroundjthejmalejandjfemale

5. Tojillustratejtwojfamilyjmembersjinjanjadoptivejrelationshipjinjajpedigree:
A. Arrowsjarejdrawnjpointingjtojthejmalejandjfemale
B. Bracketsjarejdrawnjaroundjthejmalejandjfemale
C. Doublejhorizontaljlinesjarejdrawnjbetweenjthejmalejandjfemale
D. Circlesjarejdrawnjaroundjthejmalejandjfemale

6. Whenjanalyzingjthejpedigreejforjautosomaljdominantjdisorders,jitjisjcommonjtojsee:
A. Severaljgenerationsjofjaffectedjmembers
B. Manyjconsanguineousjrelationships
C. Morejmembersjofjthejmaternaljlineagejaffectedjthanjpaternal
D. Morejmembersjofjthejpaternaljlineagejaffectedjthanjmaternal

7. Injautosomaljrecessivej(AR)jdisorders,jindividualsjneed:
A. Onlyjonejmutatedjgenejonjthejsexjchromosomesjtojacquirejthejdisease
B. Onlyjonejmutatedjgenejtojacquirejthejdisease
C. Twojmutatedjgenesjtojacquirejthejdisease
D. Twojmutatedjgenesjtojbecomejcarriers

8. Injautosomaljrecessivejdisorders,jcarriersjhave:
A. Twojmutatedjgenes;jonejfromjeachjparentjthatjcausejdisease
B. Ajmutationjonjajsexjchromosomejthatjcausesjajdisease
C. Ajsinglejgenejmutationjthatjcausesjthejdisease
D. Onejcopyjofjajgenejmutationjbutjnotjthejdisease

9. Withjanjautosomaljrecessivejdisorder,jitjisjimportantjthatjparentsjunderstandjthatjifjtheyjbothjcarryjajmutation,jthejf
ollowingjarejthejrisksjtojeachjofjtheirjoffspringj(eachjpregnancy):
A. 50%jchancejthatjoffspringjwilljcarryjthejdisease
B. 10%jchancejofjoffspringjaffectedjbyjdisease