Fresenius PCT New Hire Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis?
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin?
Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the
regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin
stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D?
,The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form
of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from
foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)?
No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking
calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess
phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased
PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside
the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia
build up of waste
, What is a semi-permeable membrane?
A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur?
Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration
of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow?
Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated,
causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them?
The blood compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-
permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix together.
Questions and Correct Answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis?
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin?
Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the
regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin
stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D?
,The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form
of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from
foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)?
No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking
calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess
phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased
PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside
the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia
build up of waste
, What is a semi-permeable membrane?
A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur?
Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration
of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow?
Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated,
causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them?
The blood compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-
permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix together.
