Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition, By
Nancy TKACS,All Chapters 1-17
Questions an
What is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea
towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea,
Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
, 2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? Elevation (increase) of pCO2 --
Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? Depression (decrease) of pCO2 --
Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? Depression (decrease) of HCO3 --
Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? Elevation (increase) of HCO3 --
Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer? No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein
Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin
Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs,
Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? Impaired Glucose
Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? Type I - Complete lack of
insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition, By
Nancy TKACS,All Chapters 1-17
Questions an
What is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea
towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea,
Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
, 2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? Elevation (increase) of pCO2 --
Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? Depression (decrease) of pCO2 --
Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? Depression (decrease) of HCO3 --
Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? Elevation (increase) of HCO3 --
Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer? No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein
Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin
Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs,
Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? Impaired Glucose
Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? Type I - Complete lack of
insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
