IAAP CPACC EXAMINATION TEST SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
COURSE NOTES GRADED A+ 2026.
Exam
Medical Model - answersdisability as a problem of the person, directly caused by
disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore requires sustained medical
care provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals.
~ Management is aimed at a cure, or individual adjustment and behavioral change
~ medical care viewed as main issue
~ political response is to reform healthcare
Strengths: addresses biological sources of disabilities through cures or medical
management
Weaknesses: treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the indvidual,
overlooks broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible
environments
Social Model - answersviews disability as a socially created problem, a matter of the full
integration of individuals into society. Disability is a complex collection of conditions,
many of which are created by the social environment.
~ social action
~ society needs to make environmental modifications
~ cultural and ideological
~ large-scale cultural change
~ equal access as a human rights issue
Strenghts: Focuses on disabling conditions in the environment and makes clear they
are not solely a characteristic of individual's "broken" body. Encourages design to
accommodate a wide range of human characteristics and abilities
Weaknesses: downplays the embodied aspects of disabilities too much, push for social
justice puts activitists at odds with other political interests, antagonizes relationships,
creates resolute political adversaries.
Economic Model - answersDefines disability by a person's inability to work. Assesses
degree to which impairment affect's individual productivity and economic consequences
for individual, employer, and state.
~ loss of earnings for/payment for assistance by individual
~ lower profit margins for employer
~ State welfare payments
, Strengths: recognizes the affect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work and for
economic support and/or accommodation
Weaknesses: creates a legally-defined category of people who are "needy",
stigmatizing for people with disabilities, if individual's do not meet legal threshold may
not receive needed support
Functional Solutions Model - answerspractical perspective that identifies limitations
("functional impairments") due to disability, intent to create and promote solutions to
overcome limitations.
~ eliminate/reduce impact of functional limitations
~ deemphasizes sociopolitical aspects
~ prioritizes inventiveness and entrepreneurship
Strengths: results-oriented, seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges, side
steps convoluted sociopolitical implications of disability
Weaknesses: entrepreneurs often miss the mark, profit driven entrepreneurism may
lead to innovations of more benefit to the entrepreneur than target population,
deemphasis of socioeconomic issues may lead innovators to ignore most important
aspects of the original problem
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model - answersrefers to sense of deriving personal
identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals
Strengths: accepts disability completely, pride in being associated with others in a
similar condition
Weaknesses: sense of belonging to one group may be counterbalanced by sense of
exclusion by those who don't quite fit group's expectations
Charity Model - answersregards people with disabilities as unfortunate and in need of
assistance from outside
~ benevolent contributors to a needy population
Strengths: can inspire people to contribute time and resources when genuinely needed
Weaknesses: can be condescending to people with disabilities, often focuses on short-
term immediate needs at expense or more comprehensive, effective, long-term
solutions
Color Blindness Demographics - answers~ 8% of males
~ 0.4% of females
Blindness Demographics - answers~ 0.5% of world population, 39 million people
COURSE NOTES GRADED A+ 2026.
Exam
Medical Model - answersdisability as a problem of the person, directly caused by
disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore requires sustained medical
care provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals.
~ Management is aimed at a cure, or individual adjustment and behavioral change
~ medical care viewed as main issue
~ political response is to reform healthcare
Strengths: addresses biological sources of disabilities through cures or medical
management
Weaknesses: treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the indvidual,
overlooks broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible
environments
Social Model - answersviews disability as a socially created problem, a matter of the full
integration of individuals into society. Disability is a complex collection of conditions,
many of which are created by the social environment.
~ social action
~ society needs to make environmental modifications
~ cultural and ideological
~ large-scale cultural change
~ equal access as a human rights issue
Strenghts: Focuses on disabling conditions in the environment and makes clear they
are not solely a characteristic of individual's "broken" body. Encourages design to
accommodate a wide range of human characteristics and abilities
Weaknesses: downplays the embodied aspects of disabilities too much, push for social
justice puts activitists at odds with other political interests, antagonizes relationships,
creates resolute political adversaries.
Economic Model - answersDefines disability by a person's inability to work. Assesses
degree to which impairment affect's individual productivity and economic consequences
for individual, employer, and state.
~ loss of earnings for/payment for assistance by individual
~ lower profit margins for employer
~ State welfare payments
, Strengths: recognizes the affect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work and for
economic support and/or accommodation
Weaknesses: creates a legally-defined category of people who are "needy",
stigmatizing for people with disabilities, if individual's do not meet legal threshold may
not receive needed support
Functional Solutions Model - answerspractical perspective that identifies limitations
("functional impairments") due to disability, intent to create and promote solutions to
overcome limitations.
~ eliminate/reduce impact of functional limitations
~ deemphasizes sociopolitical aspects
~ prioritizes inventiveness and entrepreneurship
Strengths: results-oriented, seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges, side
steps convoluted sociopolitical implications of disability
Weaknesses: entrepreneurs often miss the mark, profit driven entrepreneurism may
lead to innovations of more benefit to the entrepreneur than target population,
deemphasis of socioeconomic issues may lead innovators to ignore most important
aspects of the original problem
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model - answersrefers to sense of deriving personal
identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals
Strengths: accepts disability completely, pride in being associated with others in a
similar condition
Weaknesses: sense of belonging to one group may be counterbalanced by sense of
exclusion by those who don't quite fit group's expectations
Charity Model - answersregards people with disabilities as unfortunate and in need of
assistance from outside
~ benevolent contributors to a needy population
Strengths: can inspire people to contribute time and resources when genuinely needed
Weaknesses: can be condescending to people with disabilities, often focuses on short-
term immediate needs at expense or more comprehensive, effective, long-term
solutions
Color Blindness Demographics - answers~ 8% of males
~ 0.4% of females
Blindness Demographics - answers~ 0.5% of world population, 39 million people
