MLS ASCP ASCPI FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Exam
Predominant form of DNA - answerRight-handed B
DNA and histone interaction is due to what type of bond? - answerIonic
What stains to the minor groove of DNA duplex? - answerSYBR Green
What is the most abundant type of RNA? - answerRibosomal RNA (rRNA)
What does RNA act as in a retrovirus? - answerGenome and mRNA
What increases half-life of mRNA? - answer5' Methyl Cap
What kind of DNA is most likely to be transcriptionally active? - answerEuchromatin
What is the most common type of eukaryotic DNA? - answerSatellite DNA
What specimen has the most DNA according to molecular weight? - answerWhite Blood
Cells
What amino acids compose histones? - answerLysine and Arginine
Amino acid that all proteins start with: - answerMethionine
What protects the DNA strand during replication? - answerSingle-stranded binding
protein
Leading Strand - answer3' to 5' template
Lagging Strand - answer5' to 3' template
What DNA strand is being copied in transcription? - answerAntisense Strand
First step after newly formed mRNA is made? - answerAddition of poly(A) tail
Every time the chromosome is copied it would become shorter if not for what enzyme? -
answerTelomerase
What polymerase has repair activity? - answerBeta/Epsilon
,What polymerase acts on leading strand? - answerDelta
What polymerase acts on lagging strand? - answerAlpha
Which polymerase is used for mitochondrial replication and repair? - answerGamma
What polymerase binds the 5' end to 3' end of dsDNA? - answerTopoisomerase
Which RNA polymerase is mainly for transcription? - answerRNA Pol II
Which polymerase is involved with mRNA synthesis? - answerRNA Pol II
What inactivates RNAses? - answerDiethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) or bake glassware
for 4 to 6 hours at 400C
What type of restriction enzyme recognizes palindromic sites? - answerRestriction
Enzyme Type II
What type of restriction enzyme lacks methylation activity? - answerRestriction Enzyme
Type II
What is necessary to make cDNA? - answerReverse transcriptase
Number of SNPs in a human genome? - answer11 billion (10^7)
How many genes (base pairs) are in a human haploid genome? - answer3 billion base
pairs
The polymerization of acrylamide requires: - answerCatalyst (APS or TEMED) or Light
activation
How does agarose gel pore size relate to concentration? - answerInversely proportional
What is denatured during a southern blot? - answerHydrogen bonds (inter-strand
bonds)
Melting temperature formula - answerTm = (4C x GC Pairs) + (2C x AT pairs)
Which is likely to interfere with fluorescent probe? - answer5' G
Proper GC content of primer - answer35-65%
Inhibitors of PCR - answerHemoglobin, Heparin, Xylene, Phenol, Cyanol, and
Bromophenol Blue
, Order to add to a PCR reaction: - answerMaster mix > patient sample > positive control
> negative control
Pre Area - answerPositive Pressure
Post Area - answerNegative Pressure
Which PCR requires two steps for specificity? - answerNested PCR
Which microorganism is detected by branched DNA amplification? - answerDNA or
RNA
Which technique uses RNA, antibodies, and DNA? - answerHybrid Capture Assay
Use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation -
answerBisulfite DNA
What tests are isothermal? - answerNASBA, TMA, & SDA
Which leukemia is associated with FLT3 gene? - answerAML
T-cell gene rearrangement is seen in what malignancy? - answerSezary Syndrome
Which translocation causes Acute Premyelocytic Leukemia? - answert 15;17
Ewing Sarcoma - answert 11;22
Synovial Sarcoma - answert X;18
Follicular Lymphoma - answert 14;18
What genes would be screened in a colorectal panel? - answerMSH2 & MLH1
What gene mutation causes a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer? - answerBRCA1
and BRCA2
What does MSI test for? - answerMutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)
What disease is related to factor V coagulation gene (F5 1q23)? - answerThrombossis
How many copies are in a full Fragile X mutation? - answer200-2000+ CGG repeats
What disease is known for numerous mutations and large deletions? - answerMuscular
Dystrophy (Duchenne)
What HPV causes cervical cancer? - answer16 & 18
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Exam
Predominant form of DNA - answerRight-handed B
DNA and histone interaction is due to what type of bond? - answerIonic
What stains to the minor groove of DNA duplex? - answerSYBR Green
What is the most abundant type of RNA? - answerRibosomal RNA (rRNA)
What does RNA act as in a retrovirus? - answerGenome and mRNA
What increases half-life of mRNA? - answer5' Methyl Cap
What kind of DNA is most likely to be transcriptionally active? - answerEuchromatin
What is the most common type of eukaryotic DNA? - answerSatellite DNA
What specimen has the most DNA according to molecular weight? - answerWhite Blood
Cells
What amino acids compose histones? - answerLysine and Arginine
Amino acid that all proteins start with: - answerMethionine
What protects the DNA strand during replication? - answerSingle-stranded binding
protein
Leading Strand - answer3' to 5' template
Lagging Strand - answer5' to 3' template
What DNA strand is being copied in transcription? - answerAntisense Strand
First step after newly formed mRNA is made? - answerAddition of poly(A) tail
Every time the chromosome is copied it would become shorter if not for what enzyme? -
answerTelomerase
What polymerase has repair activity? - answerBeta/Epsilon
,What polymerase acts on leading strand? - answerDelta
What polymerase acts on lagging strand? - answerAlpha
Which polymerase is used for mitochondrial replication and repair? - answerGamma
What polymerase binds the 5' end to 3' end of dsDNA? - answerTopoisomerase
Which RNA polymerase is mainly for transcription? - answerRNA Pol II
Which polymerase is involved with mRNA synthesis? - answerRNA Pol II
What inactivates RNAses? - answerDiethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) or bake glassware
for 4 to 6 hours at 400C
What type of restriction enzyme recognizes palindromic sites? - answerRestriction
Enzyme Type II
What type of restriction enzyme lacks methylation activity? - answerRestriction Enzyme
Type II
What is necessary to make cDNA? - answerReverse transcriptase
Number of SNPs in a human genome? - answer11 billion (10^7)
How many genes (base pairs) are in a human haploid genome? - answer3 billion base
pairs
The polymerization of acrylamide requires: - answerCatalyst (APS or TEMED) or Light
activation
How does agarose gel pore size relate to concentration? - answerInversely proportional
What is denatured during a southern blot? - answerHydrogen bonds (inter-strand
bonds)
Melting temperature formula - answerTm = (4C x GC Pairs) + (2C x AT pairs)
Which is likely to interfere with fluorescent probe? - answer5' G
Proper GC content of primer - answer35-65%
Inhibitors of PCR - answerHemoglobin, Heparin, Xylene, Phenol, Cyanol, and
Bromophenol Blue
, Order to add to a PCR reaction: - answerMaster mix > patient sample > positive control
> negative control
Pre Area - answerPositive Pressure
Post Area - answerNegative Pressure
Which PCR requires two steps for specificity? - answerNested PCR
Which microorganism is detected by branched DNA amplification? - answerDNA or
RNA
Which technique uses RNA, antibodies, and DNA? - answerHybrid Capture Assay
Use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation -
answerBisulfite DNA
What tests are isothermal? - answerNASBA, TMA, & SDA
Which leukemia is associated with FLT3 gene? - answerAML
T-cell gene rearrangement is seen in what malignancy? - answerSezary Syndrome
Which translocation causes Acute Premyelocytic Leukemia? - answert 15;17
Ewing Sarcoma - answert 11;22
Synovial Sarcoma - answert X;18
Follicular Lymphoma - answert 14;18
What genes would be screened in a colorectal panel? - answerMSH2 & MLH1
What gene mutation causes a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer? - answerBRCA1
and BRCA2
What does MSI test for? - answerMutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)
What disease is related to factor V coagulation gene (F5 1q23)? - answerThrombossis
How many copies are in a full Fragile X mutation? - answer200-2000+ CGG repeats
What disease is known for numerous mutations and large deletions? - answerMuscular
Dystrophy (Duchenne)
What HPV causes cervical cancer? - answer16 & 18
