Test Bank For McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The
Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition
All Chapters covered| Newest Edition 2026.Stuvia
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
A A A A
A
MULTIPLEACHOICEA
A
1. WhichAstatementAbestAdescribesAtheAcellularAfunctionAofAmetabolicAabsorption?A
a. CellsAcanAproduceAproteins.A c.ACellsAcanAtakeAinAandAuseAnutrients.A
b. CellsAcanAsecreteAdigestiveAenzymes.A d.ACellsAcanAsynthesizeAfats.A
A
A
ANS:ACA
InAmetabolicAabsorption,AallAcellsAtakeAinAandAuseAnutrientsAandAotherAsubstancesAfromAthei
rAsurroundings.ATheAremainingAoptionsAareAnotAinclusiveAinAtheirAdescriptionsAofAcellularAm
etabolicAabsorption.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA2A
A
2. MostAofAaAcell’sAgeneticAinformation,AincludingARNAAandADNA,AisAcontainedAinAthe:A
a. MitochondriaA c.ANucleolusA
b. RibosomeA d.ALysosomeA
A
A
ANS:ACA
TheAnucleusAcontainsAtheAnucleolus,AaAsmallAdenseAstructureAcomposedAlargelyAofARNA,Am
ostAofAtheAcellularADNA,AandAtheADNA-
bindingAproteins,AsuchAasAtheAhistones,AwhichAregulateAitsAactivity.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAn
otAcontainAmostAofAaAcell’sAgeneticAinformation.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA2A
A
3. WhichAcomponentAofAtheAcellAproducesAhydrogenAperoxideA(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)AbyAusingAoxygenAtoAremoveAhydrogenAatomsAfromAspecificAsubstratesAinAanAoxidativ
eAreaction?A
a. LysosomesA c.ARibosomesA
b. PeroxisomesA d.AOxyhydrosomesA
A
A
ANS:ABA
PeroxisomesAareAsoAnamedAbecauseAtheyAusuallyAcontainAenzymesAthatAuseAoxygenAtoArem
oveAhydrogenAatomsAfromAspecificAsubstratesAinAanAoxidativeAreactionAthatAproducesAH2O2,
AwhichAisAaApowerfulAoxidantAandApotentiallyAdestructiveAifAitAaccumulatesAorAescapesAfrom
Aperoxisomes.ARibosomesAareARNA-
proteinAcomplexesA(nucleoproteins)AthatAareAsynthesizedAinAtheAnucleolusAandAsecretedAinto
AtheAcytoplasmAthroughAporesAinAtheAnuclearAenvelopeAcalledAnuclearAporeAcomplexes.ALys
osomesAareAsaclikeAstructuresAthatAoriginateAfromAtheAGolgiAcomplexAandAcontainAmoreAtha
nA40AdigestiveAenzymesAcalledAhydrolases,AwhichAcatalyzeAbondsAinAproteins,Alipids,Anuclei
cAacids,AandAcarbohydrates.AOxyhydrosomesAareAinvolvedAinAenzymeAproduction.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA8A
A
4. WhichAcellAcomponentAisAcapableAofAcellularAautodigestionAwhenAitAisAreleasedAduringAcellAi
njury?A
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
a. RibosomeA c.ASmoothAendoplasmicAreticulumA
b. GolgiAcomplexA d.ALysosomesA
A
A
ANS:ADA
TheAlysosomalAmembraneAactsAasAaAprotectiveAshieldAbetweenAtheApowerfulAdigestiveAenzy
mesAwithinAtheAlysosomeAandAtheAcytoplasm,ApreventingAtheirAleakageAintoAtheAcytoplasmi
cAmatrix.ADisruptionAofAtheAmembraneAbyAvariousAtreatmentsAorAcellularAinjuryAleadsAtoAaAr
eleaseAofAtheAlysosomalAenzymes,AwhichAcanAthenAreactAwithAtheirAspecificAsubstrates,Acaus
ingAcellularAself-digestion.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APagesA7-8A
A
5. WhatAisAtheAsequenceAofAstepsAinAtheAdevelopmentAofAaAdigestiveAenzymeAbyAtheApancreasAce
llsAfromAtheAinitialAtranscriptionAtoAtheAreleaseAfromAtheAcell?A
a. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAriboso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAsecretoryAvesicleAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
b. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromARNAAbyADNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAlysoso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAanAencapsulatedAmembraneAtoAtheAcellAmembra
ne.A
c. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAbyAtheAmitochondriaAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAriboso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAcytoskeletonAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
d. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheA
GolgiAcomplexAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAcytosolAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
A
A
ANS:AAA
TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAribosomeAf
orAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAsecretoryAvesicleAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.ATheAotherAopt
ionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:A1A REF:APageA7A|AFigureA1-5A A
A
6. DuringAwhichAphaseAofAtheAcellAcycleAisADNAAsynthesized?A
a. G1A c.AG2A
b. SA d.AMA
A
A
ANS:ABA
TheAfourAdesignatedAphasesAofAtheAcellAcycleAare:A(1)AtheAG1AphaseA(GA=Agap),AwhichAisAthe
AperiodAbetweenAtheAMAphaseA(MA=Amitosis)AandAtheAstartAofADNAAsynthesis;A(2)AtheASApha
seA(SA=Asynthesis),AduringAwhichADNAAisAsynthesizedAinAtheAcellAnucleus;A(3)AtheAG2Aphase
,AduringAwhichARNAAandAproteinAsynthesisAoccurs,AtheAperiodAbetweenAtheAcompletionAofA
DNAAsynthesisAandAtheAnextAphaseA(M);AandA(4)AtheAMAphase,AwhichAincludesAnuclearAand
AcytoplasmicAdivision.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA37A
A
7. WhatAorganicAcompoundAfacilitatesAtransportationAacrossAcellAmembranesAbyAactingAasArecep
tors,AtransportAchannelsAforAelectrolytes,AandAenzymesAtoAdriveAactiveApumps?A
a. LipidsA c.AProteinsA
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
b. ProteasesA d.ACarbohydratesA
A
A
ANS:ACA
ProteinsAactAasA(1)ArecognitionAandAbindingAunitsA(receptors)AforAsubstancesAmovingAinAand
AoutAofAtheAcell;A(2)AporesAorAtransportAchannelsAforAvariousAelectricallyAchargedAparticlesAc
alledAionsAorAelectrolytesAandAspecificAcarriersAforAaminoAacidsAandAmonosaccharides;AandA
(3)AspecificAenzymesAthatAdriveAactiveApumpsAthatApromoteAtheAconcentrationAofAcertainAio
ns,AparticularlyApotassiumA(K+),AwithinAtheAcellAwhileAkeepingAconcentrationsAofAotherAions
,AforAexample,AsodiumA(Na+),AbelowAtheAconcentrationsAfoundAinAtheAextracellularAenviron
ment.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA13A|APageA15A A
A
8. UnderstandingAtheAvariousAstepsAofAproteolyticAcascades,AsuchAasAcaspase-
mediatedAapoptosisAandAcomplementAcascades,AmayAbeAusefulAinAdesigningAdrugAtherapyAfor
AwhichAhumanAdiseases? A
a. CardiacAandAvascularAdisordersA
b. AutoimmuneAandAmalignantAdisordersA
c. GastrointestinalAandArenalAdisordersA
d. EndocrineAandAgastrointestinalAdisordersA
A
A
ANS:ABA
UnderstandingAtheAvariousAstepsAinvolvedAinAthisAprocessAisAcrucialAforAdesigningAdrugAinte
rventions.ADysregulationAofAproteasesAfeaturesAprominentlyAinAmanyAhumanAdiseases,Aincl
udingAcancer,Aautoimmunity,AandAneurodegenerativeAdisorders.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAc
orrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA15A
A
9. WhichAstructureApreventsAwater-
solubleAmoleculesAfromAenteringAcellsAacrossAtheAplasmaAmembrane?A NURSINGTB.COM
a. CarbohydrateAchainsA c.AMembraneAchannelAproteinsA
b. GlycoproteinAchannelsA d.ALipidAbilayerA
A
A
ANS:ADA
TheAbilayer’sAstructureAaccountsAforAoneAofAtheAessentialAfunctionsAofAtheAplasmaAmembran
e.AItAisAimpermeableAtoAmostAwater-
solubleAmoleculesA(moleculesAthatAdissolveAinAwater)AbecauseAtheAwater-
solubleAmoleculesAareAinsolubleAinAtheAoilyAcoreAregion.ATheAbilayerAservesAasAaAbarrierAtoA
theAdiffusionAofAwaterAandAhydrophilicAsubstancesAwhileAallowingAlipid-
solubleAmolecules,AsuchAasAoxygenA(O2)AandAcarbonAdioxideA(CO2),AtoAdiffuseAthroughAitAr
eadily.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APagesA12-13A
A
10. TheAfluidAmosaicAmodelAexplains:A
a. HowAaAcellAmembraneAfunctionsA
b. WhyAourAbodiesAappearAtoAbeAsolidA
c. HowAtissueAisAdifferentiatedA
NURSINGTB.COM
Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition
All Chapters covered| Newest Edition 2026.Stuvia
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
A A A A
A
MULTIPLEACHOICEA
A
1. WhichAstatementAbestAdescribesAtheAcellularAfunctionAofAmetabolicAabsorption?A
a. CellsAcanAproduceAproteins.A c.ACellsAcanAtakeAinAandAuseAnutrients.A
b. CellsAcanAsecreteAdigestiveAenzymes.A d.ACellsAcanAsynthesizeAfats.A
A
A
ANS:ACA
InAmetabolicAabsorption,AallAcellsAtakeAinAandAuseAnutrientsAandAotherAsubstancesAfromAthei
rAsurroundings.ATheAremainingAoptionsAareAnotAinclusiveAinAtheirAdescriptionsAofAcellularAm
etabolicAabsorption.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA2A
A
2. MostAofAaAcell’sAgeneticAinformation,AincludingARNAAandADNA,AisAcontainedAinAthe:A
a. MitochondriaA c.ANucleolusA
b. RibosomeA d.ALysosomeA
A
A
ANS:ACA
TheAnucleusAcontainsAtheAnucleolus,AaAsmallAdenseAstructureAcomposedAlargelyAofARNA,Am
ostAofAtheAcellularADNA,AandAtheADNA-
bindingAproteins,AsuchAasAtheAhistones,AwhichAregulateAitsAactivity.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAn
otAcontainAmostAofAaAcell’sAgeneticAinformation.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA2A
A
3. WhichAcomponentAofAtheAcellAproducesAhydrogenAperoxideA(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)AbyAusingAoxygenAtoAremoveAhydrogenAatomsAfromAspecificAsubstratesAinAanAoxidativ
eAreaction?A
a. LysosomesA c.ARibosomesA
b. PeroxisomesA d.AOxyhydrosomesA
A
A
ANS:ABA
PeroxisomesAareAsoAnamedAbecauseAtheyAusuallyAcontainAenzymesAthatAuseAoxygenAtoArem
oveAhydrogenAatomsAfromAspecificAsubstratesAinAanAoxidativeAreactionAthatAproducesAH2O2,
AwhichAisAaApowerfulAoxidantAandApotentiallyAdestructiveAifAitAaccumulatesAorAescapesAfrom
Aperoxisomes.ARibosomesAareARNA-
proteinAcomplexesA(nucleoproteins)AthatAareAsynthesizedAinAtheAnucleolusAandAsecretedAinto
AtheAcytoplasmAthroughAporesAinAtheAnuclearAenvelopeAcalledAnuclearAporeAcomplexes.ALys
osomesAareAsaclikeAstructuresAthatAoriginateAfromAtheAGolgiAcomplexAandAcontainAmoreAtha
nA40AdigestiveAenzymesAcalledAhydrolases,AwhichAcatalyzeAbondsAinAproteins,Alipids,Anuclei
cAacids,AandAcarbohydrates.AOxyhydrosomesAareAinvolvedAinAenzymeAproduction.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA8A
A
4. WhichAcellAcomponentAisAcapableAofAcellularAautodigestionAwhenAitAisAreleasedAduringAcellAi
njury?A
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
a. RibosomeA c.ASmoothAendoplasmicAreticulumA
b. GolgiAcomplexA d.ALysosomesA
A
A
ANS:ADA
TheAlysosomalAmembraneAactsAasAaAprotectiveAshieldAbetweenAtheApowerfulAdigestiveAenzy
mesAwithinAtheAlysosomeAandAtheAcytoplasm,ApreventingAtheirAleakageAintoAtheAcytoplasmi
cAmatrix.ADisruptionAofAtheAmembraneAbyAvariousAtreatmentsAorAcellularAinjuryAleadsAtoAaAr
eleaseAofAtheAlysosomalAenzymes,AwhichAcanAthenAreactAwithAtheirAspecificAsubstrates,Acaus
ingAcellularAself-digestion.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APagesA7-8A
A
5. WhatAisAtheAsequenceAofAstepsAinAtheAdevelopmentAofAaAdigestiveAenzymeAbyAtheApancreasAce
llsAfromAtheAinitialAtranscriptionAtoAtheAreleaseAfromAtheAcell?A
a. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAriboso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAsecretoryAvesicleAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
b. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromARNAAbyADNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAlysoso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAanAencapsulatedAmembraneAtoAtheAcellAmembra
ne.A
c. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAbyAtheAmitochondriaAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAriboso
meAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAcytoskeletonAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
d. TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheA
GolgiAcomplexAforAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAcytosolAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.A
A
A
ANS:AAA
TheAenzymeAisAtranscribedAfromADNAAbyARNAAinAtheAnucleus,AproceedsAtoAtheAribosomeAf
orAsynthesis,AandAisAtransportedAinAaAsecretoryAvesicleAtoAtheAcellAmembrane.ATheAotherAopt
ionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:A1A REF:APageA7A|AFigureA1-5A A
A
6. DuringAwhichAphaseAofAtheAcellAcycleAisADNAAsynthesized?A
a. G1A c.AG2A
b. SA d.AMA
A
A
ANS:ABA
TheAfourAdesignatedAphasesAofAtheAcellAcycleAare:A(1)AtheAG1AphaseA(GA=Agap),AwhichAisAthe
AperiodAbetweenAtheAMAphaseA(MA=Amitosis)AandAtheAstartAofADNAAsynthesis;A(2)AtheASApha
seA(SA=Asynthesis),AduringAwhichADNAAisAsynthesizedAinAtheAcellAnucleus;A(3)AtheAG2Aphase
,AduringAwhichARNAAandAproteinAsynthesisAoccurs,AtheAperiodAbetweenAtheAcompletionAofA
DNAAsynthesisAandAtheAnextAphaseA(M);AandA(4)AtheAMAphase,AwhichAincludesAnuclearAand
AcytoplasmicAdivision.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA37A
A
7. WhatAorganicAcompoundAfacilitatesAtransportationAacrossAcellAmembranesAbyAactingAasArecep
tors,AtransportAchannelsAforAelectrolytes,AandAenzymesAtoAdriveAactiveApumps?A
a. LipidsA c.AProteinsA
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYA9THAEDITIONAMCCANCEATESTABANK
b. ProteasesA d.ACarbohydratesA
A
A
ANS:ACA
ProteinsAactAasA(1)ArecognitionAandAbindingAunitsA(receptors)AforAsubstancesAmovingAinAand
AoutAofAtheAcell;A(2)AporesAorAtransportAchannelsAforAvariousAelectricallyAchargedAparticlesAc
alledAionsAorAelectrolytesAandAspecificAcarriersAforAaminoAacidsAandAmonosaccharides;AandA
(3)AspecificAenzymesAthatAdriveAactiveApumpsAthatApromoteAtheAconcentrationAofAcertainAio
ns,AparticularlyApotassiumA(K+),AwithinAtheAcellAwhileAkeepingAconcentrationsAofAotherAions
,AforAexample,AsodiumA(Na+),AbelowAtheAconcentrationsAfoundAinAtheAextracellularAenviron
ment.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA13A|APageA15A A
A
8. UnderstandingAtheAvariousAstepsAofAproteolyticAcascades,AsuchAasAcaspase-
mediatedAapoptosisAandAcomplementAcascades,AmayAbeAusefulAinAdesigningAdrugAtherapyAfor
AwhichAhumanAdiseases? A
a. CardiacAandAvascularAdisordersA
b. AutoimmuneAandAmalignantAdisordersA
c. GastrointestinalAandArenalAdisordersA
d. EndocrineAandAgastrointestinalAdisordersA
A
A
ANS:ABA
UnderstandingAtheAvariousAstepsAinvolvedAinAthisAprocessAisAcrucialAforAdesigningAdrugAinte
rventions.ADysregulationAofAproteasesAfeaturesAprominentlyAinAmanyAhumanAdiseases,Aincl
udingAcancer,Aautoimmunity,AandAneurodegenerativeAdisorders.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAc
orrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APageA15A
A
9. WhichAstructureApreventsAwater-
solubleAmoleculesAfromAenteringAcellsAacrossAtheAplasmaAmembrane?A NURSINGTB.COM
a. CarbohydrateAchainsA c.AMembraneAchannelAproteinsA
b. GlycoproteinAchannelsA d.ALipidAbilayerA
A
A
ANS:ADA
TheAbilayer’sAstructureAaccountsAforAoneAofAtheAessentialAfunctionsAofAtheAplasmaAmembran
e.AItAisAimpermeableAtoAmostAwater-
solubleAmoleculesA(moleculesAthatAdissolveAinAwater)AbecauseAtheAwater-
solubleAmoleculesAareAinsolubleAinAtheAoilyAcoreAregion.ATheAbilayerAservesAasAaAbarrierAtoA
theAdiffusionAofAwaterAandAhydrophilicAsubstancesAwhileAallowingAlipid-
solubleAmolecules,AsuchAasAoxygenA(O2)AandAcarbonAdioxideA(CO2),AtoAdiffuseAthroughAitAr
eadily.ATheAotherAoptionsAdoAnotAcorrectlyAdescribeAthisAprocess.A
A
PTS:A1A REF:APagesA12-13A
A
10. TheAfluidAmosaicAmodelAexplains:A
a. HowAaAcellAmembraneAfunctionsA
b. WhyAourAbodiesAappearAtoAbeAsolidA
c. HowAtissueAisAdifferentiatedA
NURSINGTB.COM
