NUR 230 Maternal Exam 2 | Galen College of Nursing
Exam
Which of the five P's are essential for labor and birth?
1. Positivity
2. Psyche
3. Position
4. Power
5. Pressure - answerPsyche, Position, and Power
The 5 P's essential for Labor and Birth - answer1. passageway/passage: pelvis and
cervix
2. Passenger: fetal head, attitude, lie, and presentation
3. Position: station, engagement, and position
4. Powers: primary and secondary
5. Psyche: emotions, energy, support
What factors determine the size and type of maternal pelvis? - answerPassage or
Passageway
What is the ability of the cervix to do during childbirth? - answerDilation and effacement
What must the vaginal canal and external opening of the vagina do during childbirth? -
answerDistend
Based of the following pelvic and fetal assessment, which should BEST indicate
probable success for a vaginal delivery?
A. Anthropoid
B. Gynecoid
C. Platypelloid
D. Android - answerB. Gynecoid
Which of the following pelvic types would MOST likely lead to cesarean delivery?
A. Anthropoid
B. Gynecoid
C. Platypelloid
D. Android - answerC. Platypelloid
Which of the following accurately describes the progression of A: cervical dilation and B:
cervical effacement?
1. -5 to +5; 0-10 cm
2. 0-10 cm; 0-100%
,3. 0-100%; 0-10 cm
4. 0-100%' -5 to +5 - answer2. 0-10 cm; 0-100%
Which sign indicates that labor is beginning?
1. involuntary contractions
2. full cervical dilation
3. 100% cervical effacement
4. pain in pelvic joints - answer1. involuntary contractions
What is dilation in cervical changes? - answerDilation is the opening of the cervix,
measured from 0 cm (closed) to 10 cm (fully dilated).
What is effacement in cervical changes? - answerEffacement is the softening, thinning,
and shortening of the cervix, measured from 0% (long and thick) to 100% (fully effaced).
Which occurs faster during labor, dilation or effacement? - answerThe cervix usually
dilates faster than it effaces.
What must occur before pushing can begin during labor? - answerThe cervix must be
fully dilated and effaced before pushing can begin.
A woman enters triage who states she "thinks" she is in labor. Which assessment BEST
demonstrates TRUE labor?
1. fetus palpable
2. contractions are every 20-30 minutes
3. Change/progress in cervical dilation/effacement
4. fetal heart rate alterations - answer3. change/progress in cervical dilation/effacement
Premonitory signs of impending labor - answer- lightening
- Braxton hicks contractions
- cervical changes
- bloody show/expulsion of mucus plugs
- ROM (SROM)
- sudden burst of energy
- weight loss
- GI upset
What are the characteristics of contractions in true labor? - answerContractions are at
regular intervals.
How do the intervals between contractions change in true labor? - answerIntervals
between contractions gradually shorten.
How does the duration and intensity of contractions change in true labor? -
answerContractions increase in duration and intensity.
,Where does discomfort begin during true labor? - answerDiscomfort begins in the back
and radiates around to the abdomen.
What happens to cervical dilation and effacement during true labor? - answerCervical
dilation and effacement are progressive.
Do contractions decrease with rest or a warm tub bath in true labor? -
answerContractions do not decrease with rest or a warm tub bath.
What are the characteristics of contractions in false labor? - answerContractions are
irregular.
How does the timing between contractions change in false labor? - answerThere is
usually no change in timing between contractions.
How does the intensity or duration of contractions change in false labor? - answerThere
is usually no change in intensity or duration of contractions.
Where is discomfort usually felt during false labor? - answerDiscomfort is usually in the
abdomen.
What happens to cervical dilation or effacement during false labor? - answerThere is no
change in cervical dilation or effacement.
What can lessen contractions in false labor? - answerRest and a warm tub bath can
lessen contractions.
Passenger: Fetus - answer- fetal head
- fetal attitude
- fetal lie
- fetal presentation
Which statement by the student indicates effective learning about the structure of the
fetal head during labor and birth
1. fetal skull bones are firmly united during labor
2. fetal skull bones are united by membranous sutures
3. two important fontanels are the parietal and temporal
4. sutures and fontanels restrict brain growth after birth - answer2. Fetal skull bones are
united by membranous sutures
The biparietal diameter is the largest _________ diameter of the fetal skull -
answertransverse
Position - answer- station
- engagement
- fetal position
, Which station of the presenting part indicates that birth of the fetus is imminent?
A. -1
B. +1
C. +2
D. +4 - answerD. +4
When assessing fetal station during a vaginal examination the nurse should assess
which pelvic structure? - answerischial spines
What does the fetal position refer to in terms of orientation? - answerRight (R) or left (L)
side of the maternal pelvis
What are the landmarks used in determining fetal position? - answerOcciput (O),
mentum (M), sacrum (S), or acromion process (A) (scapula)
What are the possible orientations of the fetal position? - answerAnterior (A), posterior
(P), or transverse (T)
True of False: A woman bearing down to push the baby out is an example of primary
powers? - answerFalse
What are the primary forces in labor? - answerUterine muscular contractions until
complete dilation.
What are the phases of uterine contractions? - answerIncrement, acme, decrement.
How are uterine contractions described? - answerWith frequency, duration, and
intensity.
What are the secondary forces in labor? - answerAbdominal muscles used in pushing
(bearing down).
Frequency of contractions is noted by - answerthe beginning of one contraction to the
beginning of the next contraction
Mechanisms of labor - answerA. descent
B. Flexion
C. Internal rotation
D. extension
E. external rotation
Cardinal Movements - answerEvery Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs
- Engagement: widest part of presenting part enters pelvis
- Descent: head moves down into pelvis
- Flexion: fetus tucks chin onto chest
Exam
Which of the five P's are essential for labor and birth?
1. Positivity
2. Psyche
3. Position
4. Power
5. Pressure - answerPsyche, Position, and Power
The 5 P's essential for Labor and Birth - answer1. passageway/passage: pelvis and
cervix
2. Passenger: fetal head, attitude, lie, and presentation
3. Position: station, engagement, and position
4. Powers: primary and secondary
5. Psyche: emotions, energy, support
What factors determine the size and type of maternal pelvis? - answerPassage or
Passageway
What is the ability of the cervix to do during childbirth? - answerDilation and effacement
What must the vaginal canal and external opening of the vagina do during childbirth? -
answerDistend
Based of the following pelvic and fetal assessment, which should BEST indicate
probable success for a vaginal delivery?
A. Anthropoid
B. Gynecoid
C. Platypelloid
D. Android - answerB. Gynecoid
Which of the following pelvic types would MOST likely lead to cesarean delivery?
A. Anthropoid
B. Gynecoid
C. Platypelloid
D. Android - answerC. Platypelloid
Which of the following accurately describes the progression of A: cervical dilation and B:
cervical effacement?
1. -5 to +5; 0-10 cm
2. 0-10 cm; 0-100%
,3. 0-100%; 0-10 cm
4. 0-100%' -5 to +5 - answer2. 0-10 cm; 0-100%
Which sign indicates that labor is beginning?
1. involuntary contractions
2. full cervical dilation
3. 100% cervical effacement
4. pain in pelvic joints - answer1. involuntary contractions
What is dilation in cervical changes? - answerDilation is the opening of the cervix,
measured from 0 cm (closed) to 10 cm (fully dilated).
What is effacement in cervical changes? - answerEffacement is the softening, thinning,
and shortening of the cervix, measured from 0% (long and thick) to 100% (fully effaced).
Which occurs faster during labor, dilation or effacement? - answerThe cervix usually
dilates faster than it effaces.
What must occur before pushing can begin during labor? - answerThe cervix must be
fully dilated and effaced before pushing can begin.
A woman enters triage who states she "thinks" she is in labor. Which assessment BEST
demonstrates TRUE labor?
1. fetus palpable
2. contractions are every 20-30 minutes
3. Change/progress in cervical dilation/effacement
4. fetal heart rate alterations - answer3. change/progress in cervical dilation/effacement
Premonitory signs of impending labor - answer- lightening
- Braxton hicks contractions
- cervical changes
- bloody show/expulsion of mucus plugs
- ROM (SROM)
- sudden burst of energy
- weight loss
- GI upset
What are the characteristics of contractions in true labor? - answerContractions are at
regular intervals.
How do the intervals between contractions change in true labor? - answerIntervals
between contractions gradually shorten.
How does the duration and intensity of contractions change in true labor? -
answerContractions increase in duration and intensity.
,Where does discomfort begin during true labor? - answerDiscomfort begins in the back
and radiates around to the abdomen.
What happens to cervical dilation and effacement during true labor? - answerCervical
dilation and effacement are progressive.
Do contractions decrease with rest or a warm tub bath in true labor? -
answerContractions do not decrease with rest or a warm tub bath.
What are the characteristics of contractions in false labor? - answerContractions are
irregular.
How does the timing between contractions change in false labor? - answerThere is
usually no change in timing between contractions.
How does the intensity or duration of contractions change in false labor? - answerThere
is usually no change in intensity or duration of contractions.
Where is discomfort usually felt during false labor? - answerDiscomfort is usually in the
abdomen.
What happens to cervical dilation or effacement during false labor? - answerThere is no
change in cervical dilation or effacement.
What can lessen contractions in false labor? - answerRest and a warm tub bath can
lessen contractions.
Passenger: Fetus - answer- fetal head
- fetal attitude
- fetal lie
- fetal presentation
Which statement by the student indicates effective learning about the structure of the
fetal head during labor and birth
1. fetal skull bones are firmly united during labor
2. fetal skull bones are united by membranous sutures
3. two important fontanels are the parietal and temporal
4. sutures and fontanels restrict brain growth after birth - answer2. Fetal skull bones are
united by membranous sutures
The biparietal diameter is the largest _________ diameter of the fetal skull -
answertransverse
Position - answer- station
- engagement
- fetal position
, Which station of the presenting part indicates that birth of the fetus is imminent?
A. -1
B. +1
C. +2
D. +4 - answerD. +4
When assessing fetal station during a vaginal examination the nurse should assess
which pelvic structure? - answerischial spines
What does the fetal position refer to in terms of orientation? - answerRight (R) or left (L)
side of the maternal pelvis
What are the landmarks used in determining fetal position? - answerOcciput (O),
mentum (M), sacrum (S), or acromion process (A) (scapula)
What are the possible orientations of the fetal position? - answerAnterior (A), posterior
(P), or transverse (T)
True of False: A woman bearing down to push the baby out is an example of primary
powers? - answerFalse
What are the primary forces in labor? - answerUterine muscular contractions until
complete dilation.
What are the phases of uterine contractions? - answerIncrement, acme, decrement.
How are uterine contractions described? - answerWith frequency, duration, and
intensity.
What are the secondary forces in labor? - answerAbdominal muscles used in pushing
(bearing down).
Frequency of contractions is noted by - answerthe beginning of one contraction to the
beginning of the next contraction
Mechanisms of labor - answerA. descent
B. Flexion
C. Internal rotation
D. extension
E. external rotation
Cardinal Movements - answerEvery Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs
- Engagement: widest part of presenting part enters pelvis
- Descent: head moves down into pelvis
- Flexion: fetus tucks chin onto chest
