Urinary System
Identify the components and the functions of the urinary system
● Purpose to filter blood, filter and manipulate blood plasma to turn it into urine
● Produce 1.8L of urine a day
● Functions
○ Fluid filtration
○ Regulate blood volume
■ Reduce by releasing urine
○ Maintains electrolyte (salt/water) balance
○ Maintains acid/base balance
○ Gluconeogenesis
○ Renin production
○ Erythropoietin production
○ Activates vitamin D
● Components
○ Kidneyes
■ Two of them
■ Processing
○ Ureters
■ Two of them
■ Connect kidney to bladder
○ Urinary bladder
■ Only one
■ Storage tank
○ Urethra
■ Only one
■ Exit path for urinary system
Describe the structure of a kidney and its coverings
● Kidney structure
○ Capsule → outermost portion, holds and strengthens the kidney
○ Cortex → first region under the capsule
○ Medulla → deep to the cortex
○ Pelvis → region around the hilus of the kidney, space is called the renal sinus
○ Pyramids → triangle shapes in the medulla, contains collecting tubules which
empty into the minor calyces
○ Columns → space between the pyramids, internal projection of cortical tissue
○ Minor calyces → pyramids drain into these
○ Major calyces → minor calyces merge to form, collect urine to carry towards the
ureter
○ Hilus → indentation of kidney
● Supportive layers of kidneys
Identify the components and the functions of the urinary system
● Purpose to filter blood, filter and manipulate blood plasma to turn it into urine
● Produce 1.8L of urine a day
● Functions
○ Fluid filtration
○ Regulate blood volume
■ Reduce by releasing urine
○ Maintains electrolyte (salt/water) balance
○ Maintains acid/base balance
○ Gluconeogenesis
○ Renin production
○ Erythropoietin production
○ Activates vitamin D
● Components
○ Kidneyes
■ Two of them
■ Processing
○ Ureters
■ Two of them
■ Connect kidney to bladder
○ Urinary bladder
■ Only one
■ Storage tank
○ Urethra
■ Only one
■ Exit path for urinary system
Describe the structure of a kidney and its coverings
● Kidney structure
○ Capsule → outermost portion, holds and strengthens the kidney
○ Cortex → first region under the capsule
○ Medulla → deep to the cortex
○ Pelvis → region around the hilus of the kidney, space is called the renal sinus
○ Pyramids → triangle shapes in the medulla, contains collecting tubules which
empty into the minor calyces
○ Columns → space between the pyramids, internal projection of cortical tissue
○ Minor calyces → pyramids drain into these
○ Major calyces → minor calyces merge to form, collect urine to carry towards the
ureter
○ Hilus → indentation of kidney
● Supportive layers of kidneys
