D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is the most debilitating aspect of prenatal alcohol exposure as the child matures
into an adult? - ANSWER -poor judgement with lack of impulse control
Which is a key symptom of meningitis when the nurse is assessing a client suspected of
the condition? - ANSWER -nuchal rigidity
Malnutrition in older adults is associated with which of the following? - ANSWER -an
increased mortality and morbidity
A client develops an erythematous rash on the hands 2 days after working in the
garden. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction has the client developed? - ANSWER -
type IV delayed
Which of the following is the most common cause of cell death? - ANSWER -hypoxia
The nurse in a pediatric clinic in Michigan identifies an infant with rickets. The Arab-
American mother wears hijab, has very little direct sun exposure, and has been
exclusively breastfeeding the infant since birth. Based on this information, which of the
following is true? - ANSWER -cultural practices contribute to the diagnosis
While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures, the nursing
instructor says, "This fracture is characterized by the crushing of cancellous bone on the
side of the vertebrae." Which type of fracture is the nursing instructor describing? -
ANSWER -compression
A client arrives in the emergency department with burns. After assessing a client, the
nurse determines there is no need for a diagnostic evaluation of the burns. Which type
of burns does the nurse identify on the client? - ANSWER -superficial burns
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. The client
is not able to determine the relationship between designated body parts and other body
parts, which the nurse records as proprioception. Which lobe of the cerebrum does the
nurse determine is involved? - ANSWER -parietal lobe
An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client's arterial blood gases show a
pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance
has the client developed? - ANSWER -Metabolic alkalosis
, The nurse is providing care to a patient with metabolic acidosis. For which reason does
the nurse note a laboratory result indicating hyperkalemia? - ANSWER -The abundance
of H+ ions moves into cells.
Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood? -
ANSWER -hyperkalemia
A client has hypertension and elevated serum calcium concentration. Which condition is
likely to occur in the client? - ANSWER -Osteopenia
A health-care provider prescribes IV potassium infusion for a hypokalemic client who is
NPO (nothing by mouth). Which intervention by the nurse is correct when administering
IV potassium? - ANSWER -Validate the preparation of diluted IV potassium solution
During evaluation of a client who has undergone a bariatric surgery, the nurse finds that
the client has an abnormally rapid heartbeat and hypotension. Which condition has the
client developed? - ANSWER -dehydration
A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed
tuberculosis (TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care
provider to prescribe to confirm this condition? - ANSWER -xray of lungs
The nurse is using an Amsler grid to assess the vision of a client. The client tells the
nurse, "I am noticing black spots while looking through the grid." Which interpretation
does the nurse associate with the assessment finding? - ANSWER -Client has age
related macular degeneration
The nurse is providing care for a client with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which treatment
modality targeting the cause of the disorder does the nurse expect to be prescribed for
this client? - ANSWER -immune-modulating therapy
While reviewing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of the brain of an older
adult client, the nurse finds accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and
cerebrocortical atrophy of the brain. Upon communicating with the client, the nurse finds
that the client has problems related to memory. Which does the nurse infer from these
findings? - ANSWER -Alzheimers dz
A client experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) participating in a contact sport. The
health-care provider is focused on preventing increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Which intervention does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe initially?
- ANSWER -lowering BP
A nurse hears a bruit while assessing the carotid artery of a client. Which is the most
probable reason behind the bruit? - ANSWER -turbulent blood flow in the artery
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is the most debilitating aspect of prenatal alcohol exposure as the child matures
into an adult? - ANSWER -poor judgement with lack of impulse control
Which is a key symptom of meningitis when the nurse is assessing a client suspected of
the condition? - ANSWER -nuchal rigidity
Malnutrition in older adults is associated with which of the following? - ANSWER -an
increased mortality and morbidity
A client develops an erythematous rash on the hands 2 days after working in the
garden. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction has the client developed? - ANSWER -
type IV delayed
Which of the following is the most common cause of cell death? - ANSWER -hypoxia
The nurse in a pediatric clinic in Michigan identifies an infant with rickets. The Arab-
American mother wears hijab, has very little direct sun exposure, and has been
exclusively breastfeeding the infant since birth. Based on this information, which of the
following is true? - ANSWER -cultural practices contribute to the diagnosis
While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures, the nursing
instructor says, "This fracture is characterized by the crushing of cancellous bone on the
side of the vertebrae." Which type of fracture is the nursing instructor describing? -
ANSWER -compression
A client arrives in the emergency department with burns. After assessing a client, the
nurse determines there is no need for a diagnostic evaluation of the burns. Which type
of burns does the nurse identify on the client? - ANSWER -superficial burns
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. The client
is not able to determine the relationship between designated body parts and other body
parts, which the nurse records as proprioception. Which lobe of the cerebrum does the
nurse determine is involved? - ANSWER -parietal lobe
An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client's arterial blood gases show a
pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance
has the client developed? - ANSWER -Metabolic alkalosis
, The nurse is providing care to a patient with metabolic acidosis. For which reason does
the nurse note a laboratory result indicating hyperkalemia? - ANSWER -The abundance
of H+ ions moves into cells.
Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood? -
ANSWER -hyperkalemia
A client has hypertension and elevated serum calcium concentration. Which condition is
likely to occur in the client? - ANSWER -Osteopenia
A health-care provider prescribes IV potassium infusion for a hypokalemic client who is
NPO (nothing by mouth). Which intervention by the nurse is correct when administering
IV potassium? - ANSWER -Validate the preparation of diluted IV potassium solution
During evaluation of a client who has undergone a bariatric surgery, the nurse finds that
the client has an abnormally rapid heartbeat and hypotension. Which condition has the
client developed? - ANSWER -dehydration
A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed
tuberculosis (TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care
provider to prescribe to confirm this condition? - ANSWER -xray of lungs
The nurse is using an Amsler grid to assess the vision of a client. The client tells the
nurse, "I am noticing black spots while looking through the grid." Which interpretation
does the nurse associate with the assessment finding? - ANSWER -Client has age
related macular degeneration
The nurse is providing care for a client with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which treatment
modality targeting the cause of the disorder does the nurse expect to be prescribed for
this client? - ANSWER -immune-modulating therapy
While reviewing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of the brain of an older
adult client, the nurse finds accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and
cerebrocortical atrophy of the brain. Upon communicating with the client, the nurse finds
that the client has problems related to memory. Which does the nurse infer from these
findings? - ANSWER -Alzheimers dz
A client experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) participating in a contact sport. The
health-care provider is focused on preventing increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Which intervention does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe initially?
- ANSWER -lowering BP
A nurse hears a bruit while assessing the carotid artery of a client. Which is the most
probable reason behind the bruit? - ANSWER -turbulent blood flow in the artery
