PATHO D236 WGU EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the
bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it easier
for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream. - ANSWER -His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
removing it from the bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the
bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
What differentiates type I from type II diabetes?
The insulin producing cells of type I diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce
insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells are less responsive to insulin.
Type I diabetes can be treated, while type II diabetics do not benefit from supplemental
insulin.
The insulin producing cells of type II diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce
insulin. In type I diabetics, their cells are less responsive to insulin.
Type I diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels, while type II diabetics
have normal blood glucose levels. - ANSWER -The insulin producing cells of type I
diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells
are less responsive to insulin.
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a blood
pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly.
,What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis.
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER -Metabolic alkalosis
Rational: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same
direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her
respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and
retaining more CO2
What happens in a dehydrated patient?
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is activated.
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is inactivated.
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is inactivated.
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated. - ANSWER -ADH levels increase and
the RAAS is activated.
ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) inhibitors are used to treat abnormal blood
pressure. They prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Which explains how ACE inhibitors work?
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This lowers
blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This
raises blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This
lowers blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This raises
blood pressure. - ANSWER -The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps
blood vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure.
When is the RASS system activated? In low blood pressure or high blood pressure? -
ANSWER -Low blood pressure
In diabetic ketoacidosis, what happens to the anion gap?
Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap decreases.
Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap increases.
, Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap increases.
Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap decreases. - ANSWER -Because HCO3-
is consumed, the anion gap increases.
Patients with end stage renal disease are not able to maintain homeostatic levels of
potassium, and the increased level of potassium in their bloodstream can impair cardiac
function.
To remove potassium from the blood during dialysis, what should the dialysate do?
It should not contain potassium.
It should have a higher concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream.
It should have a concentration of potassium that is equal to that of the bloodstream.
It should have a lower concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream. -
ANSWER -It should have a lower concentration of potassium than that of the
bloodstream.
Rational: Dialysis relies on diffusion to remove solutes, including waste and potassium,
from the blood. Solutes move from areas of high concentration to areas of low
concentration. When the amount of potassium is lower in the dialysate than in the
bloodstream, potassium will diffuse from the bloodstream into the dialysate. This
removes excess potassium, decreasing the chances the patient will have a cardiac
arrhythmias or arrest.
Which differences in immunity make children and older adult patients more susceptible
to infections?
Choose 2 answers.
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells.
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection.
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells.
Older adult patients have a large population of naïve T cells. - ANSWER -Younger
patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the
bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it easier
for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream. - ANSWER -His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
removing it from the bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the
bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
What differentiates type I from type II diabetes?
The insulin producing cells of type I diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce
insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells are less responsive to insulin.
Type I diabetes can be treated, while type II diabetics do not benefit from supplemental
insulin.
The insulin producing cells of type II diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce
insulin. In type I diabetics, their cells are less responsive to insulin.
Type I diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels, while type II diabetics
have normal blood glucose levels. - ANSWER -The insulin producing cells of type I
diabetics are destroyed, and they do not produce insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells
are less responsive to insulin.
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a blood
pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly.
,What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis.
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER -Metabolic alkalosis
Rational: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same
direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her
respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and
retaining more CO2
What happens in a dehydrated patient?
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is activated.
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is inactivated.
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is inactivated.
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated. - ANSWER -ADH levels increase and
the RAAS is activated.
ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) inhibitors are used to treat abnormal blood
pressure. They prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Which explains how ACE inhibitors work?
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This lowers
blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This
raises blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This
lowers blood pressure.
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This raises
blood pressure. - ANSWER -The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps
blood vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure.
When is the RASS system activated? In low blood pressure or high blood pressure? -
ANSWER -Low blood pressure
In diabetic ketoacidosis, what happens to the anion gap?
Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap decreases.
Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap increases.
, Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap increases.
Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap decreases. - ANSWER -Because HCO3-
is consumed, the anion gap increases.
Patients with end stage renal disease are not able to maintain homeostatic levels of
potassium, and the increased level of potassium in their bloodstream can impair cardiac
function.
To remove potassium from the blood during dialysis, what should the dialysate do?
It should not contain potassium.
It should have a higher concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream.
It should have a concentration of potassium that is equal to that of the bloodstream.
It should have a lower concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream. -
ANSWER -It should have a lower concentration of potassium than that of the
bloodstream.
Rational: Dialysis relies on diffusion to remove solutes, including waste and potassium,
from the blood. Solutes move from areas of high concentration to areas of low
concentration. When the amount of potassium is lower in the dialysate than in the
bloodstream, potassium will diffuse from the bloodstream into the dialysate. This
removes excess potassium, decreasing the chances the patient will have a cardiac
arrhythmias or arrest.
Which differences in immunity make children and older adult patients more susceptible
to infections?
Choose 2 answers.
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells.
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection.
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells.
Older adult patients have a large population of naïve T cells. - ANSWER -Younger
patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells.
