athophyAPorths psiology Concepts of Altered Health states
10th edition by Tommie l.Norris
Exam
client develops an infection with a resistant organism while hospitalized for surgery.
After treatment, there are no obvious signs of infection, but a culture shows that the
organism is present. Which term describes the client's status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease - b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive for the disease, and may
still transmit the disease but is not infected. Chronic disease is a long-term, continuous
process. In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no symptoms but will
progress to clinical disease. In clinical disease, the condition is overtly present.
There are three fundamental types of prevention used in health care: primary,
secondary, and tertiary. Which statement accurately describes secondary prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system at the
community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem with which the person
presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care systems and involves the
services of a number of different types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical settings. - d)
Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical settings.
Secondary prevention detects disease early in its course when it is still asymptomatic
and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the disease from progressing. Most
secondary prevention is undertaken in clinical settings. Tertiary prevention goes beyond
treating the presenting problem. Tertiary prevention programs are located within health
care systems and involve the services of a number of different types of health care
,professionals. Primary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system
at the community level.
Why are some diseases termed syndromes?
a) They have complications.
b) They leave sequelae (e.g., lesions) and residual effects.
c) They are a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease
state.
d) They are a group of disease states that has the same etiology. - c) They are a
compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease state.
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome)
that are characteristic of a specific disease state. Complications are possible adverse
extensions of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are lesions or
impairments that follow or are caused by a disease. There is no name for a group of
disease states that all have the same cause.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the prevention,
identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation. Which aspect of
the program would most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a diagnosis of
diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their chances of
developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament
can have their blood glucose levels checked.
d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot ulcers
secondary to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing. - c) Staffing a booth
where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament can have their
blood glucose levels checked.
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease identification, such as
checking the blood glucose levels of a large number of individuals to identify potential
cases of diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration would be
considered tertiary interventions, and education would be considered primary
prevention.
An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called MindWorks with
older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The goal of the
group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by engaging them in regular, organized
, mental activity such as reading maps and solving puzzles. How would the program most
likely be characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention - b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-diagnosed disease characterize
tertiary prevention.
An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying factors
associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The
researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born with
cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were born with healthy hearts. The
researcher is comparing the nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were
in utero. Which type of study is the epidemiologist most likely conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study - d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would be the case group, while
the mothers of healthy infants would serve as a control. This study does not possess
the characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk factor study is not an
existing methodology.
A client delivers a child via vaginal birth after having an uneventful prenatal course.
After the infant is born, the nurse discovers an extra digit. The client states that she had
the same thing when she was born. What does the nurse recognize that this defect is
considered?
a) Congenital condition
b) Acquired defect
c) A chronic defect
d) An acute defect - a) Congenital condition
Congenital conditions are defects that are present at birth, although they may not be
evident until later in life or may never manifest. Congenital conditions may be caused by
genetic influences, environmental factors, maternal drug use, irradiation, or gestational
problems in utero, or a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
10th edition by Tommie l.Norris
Exam
client develops an infection with a resistant organism while hospitalized for surgery.
After treatment, there are no obvious signs of infection, but a culture shows that the
organism is present. Which term describes the client's status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease - b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive for the disease, and may
still transmit the disease but is not infected. Chronic disease is a long-term, continuous
process. In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no symptoms but will
progress to clinical disease. In clinical disease, the condition is overtly present.
There are three fundamental types of prevention used in health care: primary,
secondary, and tertiary. Which statement accurately describes secondary prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system at the
community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem with which the person
presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care systems and involves the
services of a number of different types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical settings. - d)
Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical settings.
Secondary prevention detects disease early in its course when it is still asymptomatic
and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the disease from progressing. Most
secondary prevention is undertaken in clinical settings. Tertiary prevention goes beyond
treating the presenting problem. Tertiary prevention programs are located within health
care systems and involve the services of a number of different types of health care
,professionals. Primary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system
at the community level.
Why are some diseases termed syndromes?
a) They have complications.
b) They leave sequelae (e.g., lesions) and residual effects.
c) They are a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease
state.
d) They are a group of disease states that has the same etiology. - c) They are a
compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease state.
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome)
that are characteristic of a specific disease state. Complications are possible adverse
extensions of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are lesions or
impairments that follow or are caused by a disease. There is no name for a group of
disease states that all have the same cause.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the prevention,
identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation. Which aspect of
the program would most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a diagnosis of
diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their chances of
developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament
can have their blood glucose levels checked.
d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot ulcers
secondary to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing. - c) Staffing a booth
where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament can have their
blood glucose levels checked.
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease identification, such as
checking the blood glucose levels of a large number of individuals to identify potential
cases of diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration would be
considered tertiary interventions, and education would be considered primary
prevention.
An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called MindWorks with
older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The goal of the
group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by engaging them in regular, organized
, mental activity such as reading maps and solving puzzles. How would the program most
likely be characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention - b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-diagnosed disease characterize
tertiary prevention.
An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying factors
associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The
researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born with
cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were born with healthy hearts. The
researcher is comparing the nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were
in utero. Which type of study is the epidemiologist most likely conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study - d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would be the case group, while
the mothers of healthy infants would serve as a control. This study does not possess
the characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk factor study is not an
existing methodology.
A client delivers a child via vaginal birth after having an uneventful prenatal course.
After the infant is born, the nurse discovers an extra digit. The client states that she had
the same thing when she was born. What does the nurse recognize that this defect is
considered?
a) Congenital condition
b) Acquired defect
c) A chronic defect
d) An acute defect - a) Congenital condition
Congenital conditions are defects that are present at birth, although they may not be
evident until later in life or may never manifest. Congenital conditions may be caused by
genetic influences, environmental factors, maternal drug use, irradiation, or gestational
problems in utero, or a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
