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NURS 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 |ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH ANSWER KEY (100%
VERIFIED) | LATEST 2025/2026 |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption - ✓✓ ANS- D. Increase water consumption
Water consumption prevents UTI as it keeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary tract.
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination - ✓✓ ANS- B. Urgency is a symptom of lower tract UTI.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A. Pregnancy
B. Perimenopause
C. Marathon running
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D. Frequent showering - ✓✓ ANS- A. Pregnancy is a risk factor the development of a UTI.
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter
urethra.
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True, women have a shorter urethra that puts them at higher risk for
developing a UTI.
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. It is usually asymptomatic
B. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
C. Is associated with young adults
D. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder - ✓✓ ANS- D. A complicated UTI can
be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and frequency
for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her gynecological history is
negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new information reported is that she
recently had sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes, RBCs,
nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation and UA
results, the patient can be diagnosed with:
A. Upper UTI
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B. Cystitis
C. Complicated UTI
D. Pyelonephritis - ✓✓ ANS- B. The patient presents with a simple cystitis and treated
appropriately. In addition, although the patient has a new sexual partner with risk for a STI,
the patient reports no itching and/or vaginal discharge with odor. The NP would determine if
a pelvic exam is indicated at that visit to rule out an STI.
.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently became
confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago. Because of his
confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for evaluation and
treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia
identified and appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the
urinalysis. He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and
inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent
further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was
placed, the patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills.
An intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine cu - ✓✓ ANS- A. This patient would be diagnosed with
pyelonephritis.
D. The major risk factor for the development of pyelonephritis in this patient is the
indwelling Foley catheter. Flank pain, dehydration and fever are symptoms rather than risk
factors.
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts:
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True. Casts are present in a complicated UTI.
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
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A. Flank pain is present but minimal.
B. There is low-grade fever.
C. The bacteria are contained within the bladder.
D. The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - ✓✓ ANS- D. An
uncomplicated UTI responds to a short course of antibiotic therapy. The other choices are
not typical of an uncomplicated UTI.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include:
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
B. Streptococcus pneumonia.
C. Syncytial virus.
D. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). - ✓✓ ANS- A. Staphylococcus
saprophyticus is the only choice listed that commonly causes a UTI.
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary urgency,
frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal discharge that contains
an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam at this visit.
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True. Because of the vaginal discharge that contains an odor, the NP will
most likely perform a vaginal exam to rule out an STD.
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative bacteria are
gram negative because of the presence of:
A. Nitrites.
B. WBCs.
C. RBCs.
NURS 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 |ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH ANSWER KEY (100%
VERIFIED) | LATEST 2025/2026 |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption - ✓✓ ANS- D. Increase water consumption
Water consumption prevents UTI as it keeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary tract.
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination - ✓✓ ANS- B. Urgency is a symptom of lower tract UTI.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A. Pregnancy
B. Perimenopause
C. Marathon running
, Page |2
D. Frequent showering - ✓✓ ANS- A. Pregnancy is a risk factor the development of a UTI.
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter
urethra.
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True, women have a shorter urethra that puts them at higher risk for
developing a UTI.
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. It is usually asymptomatic
B. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
C. Is associated with young adults
D. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder - ✓✓ ANS- D. A complicated UTI can
be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and frequency
for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her gynecological history is
negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new information reported is that she
recently had sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes, RBCs,
nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation and UA
results, the patient can be diagnosed with:
A. Upper UTI
, Page |3
B. Cystitis
C. Complicated UTI
D. Pyelonephritis - ✓✓ ANS- B. The patient presents with a simple cystitis and treated
appropriately. In addition, although the patient has a new sexual partner with risk for a STI,
the patient reports no itching and/or vaginal discharge with odor. The NP would determine if
a pelvic exam is indicated at that visit to rule out an STI.
.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently became
confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago. Because of his
confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for evaluation and
treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia
identified and appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the
urinalysis. He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and
inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent
further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was
placed, the patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills.
An intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine cu - ✓✓ ANS- A. This patient would be diagnosed with
pyelonephritis.
D. The major risk factor for the development of pyelonephritis in this patient is the
indwelling Foley catheter. Flank pain, dehydration and fever are symptoms rather than risk
factors.
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts:
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True. Casts are present in a complicated UTI.
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
, Page |4
A. Flank pain is present but minimal.
B. There is low-grade fever.
C. The bacteria are contained within the bladder.
D. The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - ✓✓ ANS- D. An
uncomplicated UTI responds to a short course of antibiotic therapy. The other choices are
not typical of an uncomplicated UTI.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include:
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
B. Streptococcus pneumonia.
C. Syncytial virus.
D. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). - ✓✓ ANS- A. Staphylococcus
saprophyticus is the only choice listed that commonly causes a UTI.
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary urgency,
frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal discharge that contains
an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam at this visit.
True
False - ✓✓ ANS- True. Because of the vaginal discharge that contains an odor, the NP will
most likely perform a vaginal exam to rule out an STD.
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative bacteria are
gram negative because of the presence of:
A. Nitrites.
B. WBCs.
C. RBCs.
