NUR 3032 - cellular adaption, injury,
and death Questions Fully Solved
2026 Updated.
What causes cellular adaption to occur? - Answer changes in the internal environment when
confronted with stresses that endanger normal structure and function
What does cellular adaption allow for? - Answer allows the stressed tissue to survive or
maintain function
How do cells adapt to meet work demands? - Answer size (atrophy/hypertrophy)
number (hyperplasia)
form (metaplasia)
Is atrophy a decrease or increase in cell size? - Answer decrease
Is hypertrophy a decrease or increase in cell size? - Answer increase
What can cause atrophy? - Answer disuse, denervation, loss of endocrine stimulation,
inadequate nutrition, ischemia/decreased blood flow
What is an example of cell atrophy? - Answer when a bone is broken and casted/immobilized
it is atrophied
What can cause hypertrophy? - Answer compensatory/pathologic disease or conditions,
repetitive stretching, chronic pressure, volume overload
What is an example of pathologic hypertrophy? - Answer cardiac enlargement due to
hypertension or aortic valve disease
What is an example of compensatory hypertrophy? - Answer kidney enlargement due to
donating its partner organ
What is hyperplasia? - Answer increase in the number of cells in an organ/tissue that is
capable of mitotic cell division
, What is metaplasia? - Answer reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another adult cell type
What is dysplasia? - Answer abnormal changes/growth with the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells
What is occurring during a intracellular accumulation? - Answer buildup of substances which
cell can't eliminate or use immediately
What are three products accumulated during intracellular accumulation? - Answer 1- normal
body substances - lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, melanin, etc.
2- abnormal endogenous products - inborn errors of metabolism
3- exogenous products - environmental agents not broken down by the cell
What is the most common cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette smokers? - Answer
metaplasia, when cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What is pathologic calcification? - Answer abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts
(with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, etc.)
What are the two types of pathologic calcification? - Answer dystrophic and metastatic
Where does dystrophic calcification occur? - Answer dead or dying tissue
Where does metastatic calcification occur? - Answer undamaged, normal tissues
What happens when ischemia stresses tissue? - Answer it dies and calcium precipitates out
of solution resulting in dystrophic calcification
What are five common causes of cell injury? - Answer 1- physical agents
2- radiation
3- chemical
4- biologic agents
5- nutritional imbalances
What are examples of physical agent injuries to cells? - Answer mechanical forces, extremes
temp, electrical forces
and death Questions Fully Solved
2026 Updated.
What causes cellular adaption to occur? - Answer changes in the internal environment when
confronted with stresses that endanger normal structure and function
What does cellular adaption allow for? - Answer allows the stressed tissue to survive or
maintain function
How do cells adapt to meet work demands? - Answer size (atrophy/hypertrophy)
number (hyperplasia)
form (metaplasia)
Is atrophy a decrease or increase in cell size? - Answer decrease
Is hypertrophy a decrease or increase in cell size? - Answer increase
What can cause atrophy? - Answer disuse, denervation, loss of endocrine stimulation,
inadequate nutrition, ischemia/decreased blood flow
What is an example of cell atrophy? - Answer when a bone is broken and casted/immobilized
it is atrophied
What can cause hypertrophy? - Answer compensatory/pathologic disease or conditions,
repetitive stretching, chronic pressure, volume overload
What is an example of pathologic hypertrophy? - Answer cardiac enlargement due to
hypertension or aortic valve disease
What is an example of compensatory hypertrophy? - Answer kidney enlargement due to
donating its partner organ
What is hyperplasia? - Answer increase in the number of cells in an organ/tissue that is
capable of mitotic cell division
, What is metaplasia? - Answer reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another adult cell type
What is dysplasia? - Answer abnormal changes/growth with the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells
What is occurring during a intracellular accumulation? - Answer buildup of substances which
cell can't eliminate or use immediately
What are three products accumulated during intracellular accumulation? - Answer 1- normal
body substances - lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, melanin, etc.
2- abnormal endogenous products - inborn errors of metabolism
3- exogenous products - environmental agents not broken down by the cell
What is the most common cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette smokers? - Answer
metaplasia, when cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What is pathologic calcification? - Answer abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts
(with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, etc.)
What are the two types of pathologic calcification? - Answer dystrophic and metastatic
Where does dystrophic calcification occur? - Answer dead or dying tissue
Where does metastatic calcification occur? - Answer undamaged, normal tissues
What happens when ischemia stresses tissue? - Answer it dies and calcium precipitates out
of solution resulting in dystrophic calcification
What are five common causes of cell injury? - Answer 1- physical agents
2- radiation
3- chemical
4- biologic agents
5- nutritional imbalances
What are examples of physical agent injuries to cells? - Answer mechanical forces, extremes
temp, electrical forces
