Test Bank Abnormal Psychology 16th Edition By
Butcher - Hooley Mineka (Chapter 1-17)
Exam
ABAB Design - answerAn experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein
a baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment
resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B).
Abnormal Psychology - answerField of psychology concerned with the study,
assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior.
Acute - answerTerm used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense
symptoms (short in duration).
Analogue Studies - answerStudies in which a researcher attempts to emulate the
conditions hypothesized as leading to abnormality.
Bias - answerObserver bias occurs when the researcher has preconceived ideas and
expectations that influence the observations he or she makes in the research study.
Case Study Method - answerAn in-depth examination of an individual or family that
draws from a number of data sources, including interviews and psychological testing.
Chronic - answerTerm used to describe a long-standing or frequently recurring disorder,
often with progressing seriousness (long in duration).
Comorbidity - answerOccurrence of two or more identified disorders in the same
psychologically disordered individual.
Comparison or Control Group - answerGroup of subjects who do not exhibit the disorder
being studied but who are comparable in all other respects to the criterion group. Also, a
comparison group of subjects who do not receive a condition or treatment the effects of
which are being studied.
Correlation - answerThe tendency of two variables to change together. With positive
correlation, as one variable goes up, so does the other; with negative correlation, one
variable goes up as the other goes down.
Correlational Method/Correlational Research - answerA research strategy that
examines whether and how variables go together (covary) without manipulating
(changing) any variables.
,Correlation Coefficient - answerA statistic that ranges from +1.0 to -1.0 and reflects the
degree of association between two variables. The magnitude of the correlation indicates
the strength of the association, and the sign indicates whether the correlation is positive
or negative.
Criterion Group - answerGroup of subjects who exhibit the disorder under study.
Dependent Variable - answerIn an experiment, the factor that is observed to change
with changes in the manipulated (independent) variables.
Direct Observation - answerMethod of collecting research data that involves directly
observing behavior in a given situation.
Direction of Effect Problem - answerRefers to the fact that, in correlational research, it
cannot be concluded whether variable A causes variable B or whether variable B
causes variable A.
Double-Blind Study - answerOften used in studies examining drug treatment effects, a
condition where neither the subject nor the experimenter has knowledge about what
specific experimental condition (or drug) the subject is receiving.
Effect Size - answerA statistical term referring to the strength of the relationship
between two variables in a statistical population.
Epidemiology - answerStudy of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related
behaviors in a given population. Mental health epidemiology is the study of the
distribution of mental disorders.
Etiology - answerFactors that are related to the development (or cause) of a particular
disease.
Experimental Research - answerResearch that involves the manipulation of a given
factor or variable with everything else held constant.
External Validity - answerThe extent to which the findings from a single study are
relevant to other populations, contexts, or times.
Family Aggregation - answerThe clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders
within a given family. Family aggregation may arise because of genetic or
environmental similarities.
Generalizability - answerThe extent to which the findings from a single study can be
used to draw conclusions about other samples.
, Hypothesis - answerStatement or proposition, usually based on observation, that is
tested in an experiment; may be refuted or supported by experimental results but can
never be conclusively proved.
Incidence - answerOccurrence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population.
Independent Variable - answerFactors whose effects are being examined and which is
manipulated in some way, while other variables are held constant.
Internal Validity - answerThe extent to which a study is free of confounds, is
methodologically sound, and allows the researcher to have confidence in the findings.
Labeling - answerAssigning a person to a particular diagnostic category, such as
schizophrenia.
Lifetime Prevalence - answerThe proportion of living persons in a population who have
ever had a disorder up to the time of the epidemiological assessment.
Longitudinal Design - answerA research design in which people are followed over time.
Meta-Analysis - answerA statistical method used to combine the results of a number of
similar research studies. The data from each study are transformed into a common
metric called the effect size. This allows the data from the various studies to be
combined and then analyzed. You can think of a meta-analysis as being like research
that you are already familiar with, except that the "participants" are individual research
studies, not individual people.
Negative Correlation - answerA relationship between two variables such that a high
score on one variable is associated with a low score on another variable.
Nomenclature - answerA formalized naming system.
1-Year Prevalence - answerThe total number of cases of a health-related state or
condition in a population for a given year.
Placebo Treatment - answerAn inert pill or otherwise neutral intervention that produces
desirable therapeutic effects because of the subject's expectations that it will be
beneficial.
Point Prevalence - answerThe number of cases of a specific condition or disorder that
can be found in a population at one given point in time.
Positive Correlation - answerA relationship between two variables such that a high
score on one variable is associated with a high score on another variable.
Butcher - Hooley Mineka (Chapter 1-17)
Exam
ABAB Design - answerAn experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein
a baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment
resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B).
Abnormal Psychology - answerField of psychology concerned with the study,
assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior.
Acute - answerTerm used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense
symptoms (short in duration).
Analogue Studies - answerStudies in which a researcher attempts to emulate the
conditions hypothesized as leading to abnormality.
Bias - answerObserver bias occurs when the researcher has preconceived ideas and
expectations that influence the observations he or she makes in the research study.
Case Study Method - answerAn in-depth examination of an individual or family that
draws from a number of data sources, including interviews and psychological testing.
Chronic - answerTerm used to describe a long-standing or frequently recurring disorder,
often with progressing seriousness (long in duration).
Comorbidity - answerOccurrence of two or more identified disorders in the same
psychologically disordered individual.
Comparison or Control Group - answerGroup of subjects who do not exhibit the disorder
being studied but who are comparable in all other respects to the criterion group. Also, a
comparison group of subjects who do not receive a condition or treatment the effects of
which are being studied.
Correlation - answerThe tendency of two variables to change together. With positive
correlation, as one variable goes up, so does the other; with negative correlation, one
variable goes up as the other goes down.
Correlational Method/Correlational Research - answerA research strategy that
examines whether and how variables go together (covary) without manipulating
(changing) any variables.
,Correlation Coefficient - answerA statistic that ranges from +1.0 to -1.0 and reflects the
degree of association between two variables. The magnitude of the correlation indicates
the strength of the association, and the sign indicates whether the correlation is positive
or negative.
Criterion Group - answerGroup of subjects who exhibit the disorder under study.
Dependent Variable - answerIn an experiment, the factor that is observed to change
with changes in the manipulated (independent) variables.
Direct Observation - answerMethod of collecting research data that involves directly
observing behavior in a given situation.
Direction of Effect Problem - answerRefers to the fact that, in correlational research, it
cannot be concluded whether variable A causes variable B or whether variable B
causes variable A.
Double-Blind Study - answerOften used in studies examining drug treatment effects, a
condition where neither the subject nor the experimenter has knowledge about what
specific experimental condition (or drug) the subject is receiving.
Effect Size - answerA statistical term referring to the strength of the relationship
between two variables in a statistical population.
Epidemiology - answerStudy of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related
behaviors in a given population. Mental health epidemiology is the study of the
distribution of mental disorders.
Etiology - answerFactors that are related to the development (or cause) of a particular
disease.
Experimental Research - answerResearch that involves the manipulation of a given
factor or variable with everything else held constant.
External Validity - answerThe extent to which the findings from a single study are
relevant to other populations, contexts, or times.
Family Aggregation - answerThe clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders
within a given family. Family aggregation may arise because of genetic or
environmental similarities.
Generalizability - answerThe extent to which the findings from a single study can be
used to draw conclusions about other samples.
, Hypothesis - answerStatement or proposition, usually based on observation, that is
tested in an experiment; may be refuted or supported by experimental results but can
never be conclusively proved.
Incidence - answerOccurrence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population.
Independent Variable - answerFactors whose effects are being examined and which is
manipulated in some way, while other variables are held constant.
Internal Validity - answerThe extent to which a study is free of confounds, is
methodologically sound, and allows the researcher to have confidence in the findings.
Labeling - answerAssigning a person to a particular diagnostic category, such as
schizophrenia.
Lifetime Prevalence - answerThe proportion of living persons in a population who have
ever had a disorder up to the time of the epidemiological assessment.
Longitudinal Design - answerA research design in which people are followed over time.
Meta-Analysis - answerA statistical method used to combine the results of a number of
similar research studies. The data from each study are transformed into a common
metric called the effect size. This allows the data from the various studies to be
combined and then analyzed. You can think of a meta-analysis as being like research
that you are already familiar with, except that the "participants" are individual research
studies, not individual people.
Negative Correlation - answerA relationship between two variables such that a high
score on one variable is associated with a low score on another variable.
Nomenclature - answerA formalized naming system.
1-Year Prevalence - answerThe total number of cases of a health-related state or
condition in a population for a given year.
Placebo Treatment - answerAn inert pill or otherwise neutral intervention that produces
desirable therapeutic effects because of the subject's expectations that it will be
beneficial.
Point Prevalence - answerThe number of cases of a specific condition or disorder that
can be found in a population at one given point in time.
Positive Correlation - answerA relationship between two variables such that a high
score on one variable is associated with a high score on another variable.
