CHAPTER 8 - 14 GEOLOGY 201EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain in the world, is located in
asia
An episode of mountain building is an
orogeny
(T/F) Mountain ranges are associated with modern and ancient convergent plate
boundaries, but do not form in association with either divergent or transform plate
boundaries
false
Change in shape, induced by stress, is:
strain
A body of rock affected by tensile stress will likely undergo:
stretching
A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo :
shortening
A hot body of rock is more likely to exhibit -------: than is a cold body of rock.
ductile behavior
A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit _____ than is a body of rock at
low pressure.
ductile behavior
A body of rock to which a sudden, rapid stress has been applied is more likely to
exhibit_____than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress.
brittle behavior
Earthquakes only occur :---------- the brittle/ductile transition depth.
above
Force per unit area is
stress
The distinction between joints and faults is that : .
,displacement occurs along faults
(T/F)A joint always occurs as a single, isolated plane within a rock (not in a group)
false
(T/F) Most fault surfaces, like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
true
(T/F)Motion along all faults is either strike-slip or dip-slip; combinations of these two types
of displacement are never found together in a single fault.
false
Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of : faults. (kind of slip)
dip-slip
Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of : faults. (kind of slip)
strike slip
(T/F) As the San Andreas fault is strike slip, there are no compressive mountains along its
length
false
It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both
normal and left lateral
Movement along faults often produces sharply angled rock fragments termed
fault breccia
(T/F) Within a cratonic platform, sedimentary rocks always have a horizontal orientation.
false
A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n)
anticline
A fold shaped like an elongate trough is a(n) :
syncline
A fold shaped like an upside-down bowl is a(n) :
dome
A fold shaped like a right-side up bowl is a(n) : .
basin
, The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the fold :
hinge
(T/F) Tectonic foliation, such as elongation of quartz grains, always occurs parallel to the
original bedding plane of a body of rock.
false
Continental crust is typically 35 km thick, but may be up to -------- thicker under mountain
ranges.
100%
. The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the
underlying mantle is termed
isostatic equilibrium
Regions of continents that have not been subjected to orogeny during the past one billion
years are termed :
cratons
The outer portion of a craton, where deformed rocks are covered by sediments, is termed
the :
cratonic platform
Regions where Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface are termed :
shields
A polished surface produced by rock scraping along a fault is termed a(n) :
slickenside
the fault plane is less than 30° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward
relative to the footwall block in this kind of fault
thrust
the fault plane is greater than 30° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves
upward relative to the footwall block in which kind of fault
reverse
the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the
footwall block in which kind of fault
normal
The sides of a fold where curvature is at a minimum are termed :
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain in the world, is located in
asia
An episode of mountain building is an
orogeny
(T/F) Mountain ranges are associated with modern and ancient convergent plate
boundaries, but do not form in association with either divergent or transform plate
boundaries
false
Change in shape, induced by stress, is:
strain
A body of rock affected by tensile stress will likely undergo:
stretching
A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo :
shortening
A hot body of rock is more likely to exhibit -------: than is a cold body of rock.
ductile behavior
A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit _____ than is a body of rock at
low pressure.
ductile behavior
A body of rock to which a sudden, rapid stress has been applied is more likely to
exhibit_____than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress.
brittle behavior
Earthquakes only occur :---------- the brittle/ductile transition depth.
above
Force per unit area is
stress
The distinction between joints and faults is that : .
,displacement occurs along faults
(T/F)A joint always occurs as a single, isolated plane within a rock (not in a group)
false
(T/F) Most fault surfaces, like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
true
(T/F)Motion along all faults is either strike-slip or dip-slip; combinations of these two types
of displacement are never found together in a single fault.
false
Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of : faults. (kind of slip)
dip-slip
Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of : faults. (kind of slip)
strike slip
(T/F) As the San Andreas fault is strike slip, there are no compressive mountains along its
length
false
It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both
normal and left lateral
Movement along faults often produces sharply angled rock fragments termed
fault breccia
(T/F) Within a cratonic platform, sedimentary rocks always have a horizontal orientation.
false
A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n)
anticline
A fold shaped like an elongate trough is a(n) :
syncline
A fold shaped like an upside-down bowl is a(n) :
dome
A fold shaped like a right-side up bowl is a(n) : .
basin
, The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the fold :
hinge
(T/F) Tectonic foliation, such as elongation of quartz grains, always occurs parallel to the
original bedding plane of a body of rock.
false
Continental crust is typically 35 km thick, but may be up to -------- thicker under mountain
ranges.
100%
. The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the
underlying mantle is termed
isostatic equilibrium
Regions of continents that have not been subjected to orogeny during the past one billion
years are termed :
cratons
The outer portion of a craton, where deformed rocks are covered by sediments, is termed
the :
cratonic platform
Regions where Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface are termed :
shields
A polished surface produced by rock scraping along a fault is termed a(n) :
slickenside
the fault plane is less than 30° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward
relative to the footwall block in this kind of fault
thrust
the fault plane is greater than 30° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves
upward relative to the footwall block in which kind of fault
reverse
the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the
footwall block in which kind of fault
normal
The sides of a fold where curvature is at a minimum are termed :
