CNSC EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a result of a deficiency in...
Iron or Copper
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of...
B12 or Folate
Consequences of long-term parenteral nutrition
Anemia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Skeletal abnormalities
Symptoms of copper deficiency
Sensory ataxia
Lower extremity spasticity
Parathesis in extremities
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased erythrocyte turnover
Decreased ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Abnormal EKG patterns
Myeloneuropathy
What change should be made to the PN for a patient with high ileostomy output?
Increase sodium and increase fluid volume (high output leads to water and Na loss)
Acute disease-associated malnutrition symptoms
Hypalbuminemia
Edema
Anasarca
% body weight loss to meet malnutrition criteria
5% or more in 1 month
7.5% or more in 3 months
10% or more in 6 months
Stress vs Starvation related malnutrition
,Stress: hypermetabolism, hypergylcemia, lipolysis
Starvation: ketosis, hypoglycemia, lipolysis
Subjective Global Assessment includes
Historical:
Weight history
Dietary intake
GI symptoms
Functional status
Metabolic demand
Physical Exam Parameters:
Subcutaneous fat
Muscle wasting
Edema
Ascites
What lab value is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in critically ill
patients?
Albumin
What can compromise the reliability of urinary urea nitrogen to calculate nitrogen
balance?
Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min
What can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations?
Folic acid
B6
B12
Fluid requirements for healthy adults
35 mL/kg for 18-55 yo
30 mL/kg for 55-75 yo
25 mL/kg for >75 yo
<25 mL/kg when fluid restriction indicated
Iron is primarily absorbed in the
Duodenum and Jejunum (in ferrous state)
Which amino acid is essential for small intestinal structure and function?
Glutamine
, PKU is caused by a...
deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)
Conditionally indispensable amino acids
Require a dietary source in order to meet increased needs caused by metabolic stress.
Arginine (wound healing)
Cysteine
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Tyrosine
Symptoms of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
Scaly dermatitis
Alopecia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Impaired wound healing
What IV fluid most closely resembles jejunal and ileal electrolyte content?
Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Supplementation of Vitamin A should be given for a maximum of
14 days
DKA puts a patient at high risk for low...
phosphate (hypophosphatemia)
The risk of metastatic calcification in soft tissues begins to increase when the product of
calcium x phosphorus exceeds...
55
What is the most common cause of zinc deficiency?
Diarrhea
Liver disease can lead to toxicity of what mineral?
Copper (80% of copper is excreted in the bile, liver patients should be monitored)
What trace element may improve hepatic encephalopathy?
Zinc
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a result of a deficiency in...
Iron or Copper
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of...
B12 or Folate
Consequences of long-term parenteral nutrition
Anemia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Skeletal abnormalities
Symptoms of copper deficiency
Sensory ataxia
Lower extremity spasticity
Parathesis in extremities
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased erythrocyte turnover
Decreased ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Abnormal EKG patterns
Myeloneuropathy
What change should be made to the PN for a patient with high ileostomy output?
Increase sodium and increase fluid volume (high output leads to water and Na loss)
Acute disease-associated malnutrition symptoms
Hypalbuminemia
Edema
Anasarca
% body weight loss to meet malnutrition criteria
5% or more in 1 month
7.5% or more in 3 months
10% or more in 6 months
Stress vs Starvation related malnutrition
,Stress: hypermetabolism, hypergylcemia, lipolysis
Starvation: ketosis, hypoglycemia, lipolysis
Subjective Global Assessment includes
Historical:
Weight history
Dietary intake
GI symptoms
Functional status
Metabolic demand
Physical Exam Parameters:
Subcutaneous fat
Muscle wasting
Edema
Ascites
What lab value is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in critically ill
patients?
Albumin
What can compromise the reliability of urinary urea nitrogen to calculate nitrogen
balance?
Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min
What can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations?
Folic acid
B6
B12
Fluid requirements for healthy adults
35 mL/kg for 18-55 yo
30 mL/kg for 55-75 yo
25 mL/kg for >75 yo
<25 mL/kg when fluid restriction indicated
Iron is primarily absorbed in the
Duodenum and Jejunum (in ferrous state)
Which amino acid is essential for small intestinal structure and function?
Glutamine
, PKU is caused by a...
deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)
Conditionally indispensable amino acids
Require a dietary source in order to meet increased needs caused by metabolic stress.
Arginine (wound healing)
Cysteine
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Tyrosine
Symptoms of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
Scaly dermatitis
Alopecia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Impaired wound healing
What IV fluid most closely resembles jejunal and ileal electrolyte content?
Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Supplementation of Vitamin A should be given for a maximum of
14 days
DKA puts a patient at high risk for low...
phosphate (hypophosphatemia)
The risk of metastatic calcification in soft tissues begins to increase when the product of
calcium x phosphorus exceeds...
55
What is the most common cause of zinc deficiency?
Diarrhea
Liver disease can lead to toxicity of what mineral?
Copper (80% of copper is excreted in the bile, liver patients should be monitored)
What trace element may improve hepatic encephalopathy?
Zinc
