Summary Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet CIE A Level

eleophilic ADDITION REACTION

·

hydrogenation of alkenes (forms alkanes)
·
W/ steam/hydration of alkenes (forms alcohols] ALKENES

halogens (forms dihalogensalkanes (
·
w/
HALOGENDALKANES
·
w/ hydrogen halides (forms halogenoalkanes) *




=
nucleopte
SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS


·




·
w/ ag
w/
.




cyanide
OH- ions (halogensalkanes
ions : CN-(halogenoalkanes
-
> alconols)
- >
Ia
nitrile) HALOGENOALKANES

·
w/ ammonia dissolved in ethanol
, (halogenoalkanes -
> iamine) Theater
·
w/ primary amine , dissolved in ethanol (halogenoalkanes >
-

2 amine) I pressure




↳ SN2 mechanism prefers primary hat all

↳ SN1 mechanism prefers tertiary hal alk -




>
bulky methyl groups prevent "hydroxide ion" from
attacking
-




hal-alk from the back

>
-




tertiary hal alk Stabilised by the releasing methyl groups
around it



ADDITION REACTIONS


·
w/ HeN (aldehydes/ketones >
-

hydroxynitriles)
>
catalysed by KCN heat
-




,