NUR 426 Exam 1 Voit ASU Spring 2026 (Modules 1-4
Pharmacology) Questions With Complete Solutions
Acetaminophen Correct Answers Indications→ fever, mild pain
Side effects→ liver damage, HTN in everyday use
Considerations→ monitor for OD, max dose 4g/day, avoid
alcohol
Anticholinergics; Ipratropium (Atrovent) Correct Answers
Therapeutic use→ bronchodilation; relieves bronchoconstriction
and reduces secretions
Adverse Drug Reactions→ dry mouth, urinary retention, inc
intraocular pressure, constipation
Interventions→ monitor anticholinergic effects
Administration→ do not swallow capsule, put inside nebulizer
Client Instructions→ stimulate saliva production, not for
exacerbations
C/P→ glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, urinary issues, bowel
obstruction, dry
Interactions→ beta 2-agonists enhance bronchodilation
Anticoagulants- Heparin Correct Answers Therapeutic use→
AMI, CVA, PE, DVT, DIC, adjunct for open heart,
hemodialysis, blood transfusion, prophylactic for VTE/PE
Adverse Drug Reactions→ bleeding, thrombocytopenia (HIT),
hypersensitivity
Interventions→ monitor PTT/aPTT (should only be 1.5x
baseline value), platelets, potassium (hyperkalemia); only given
in hospital; reversal agent→ Protamine; works faster than
Warfarin
Administration→SQ or IV; within scope to stop a heparin drip
,Client Instructions→ does not break up existing clots-prevents
new ones
C/P→ bleeding
Interactions→ Protamine
Anticoagulants- Warfarin Correct Answers Therapeutic use→
PE, VTE, A-fib, prosthetic heart valves, TIA, MI prevention
Adverse Drug Reactions→ toxicity, hemorrhage, long term
use→ inc risk for fractures
Interventions→ reversal agent: vitamin K; monitor INR
Administration→PO or IV, consider SNTT (effects factor 7, 9,
10, 2)
Client Instructions→ prevents future clots, works slower than
heparin, can take 3-5 days full effect; avoid NSAIDs, ASA, use
soft toothbrush, electric razor, keep vitamin K consumption
consistent (leafy greens, broccoli, brussel sprouts)
C/P→ pregnancy, thrombocytopenia, alcoholism
Interactions→ inc effects: ASA, Tylenol, glucocorticoids, sulfas,
cephalosporins; dec effects; phenobarbital, oral contraceptives,
phenytoin, vitamin K
Antiplatelets (ADP Inhibitors)- Clopidogrel Correct Answers
Therapeutic use→ MI, ischemic CVA, stents, given with ASA
for AMI
Adverse Drug Reactions→ bleeding
Interventions→ monitor for thrombotic thrombocytopenia
purpura (TTP) in first 2 weeks; thrombocytopenia, anemia, rash,
fever, renal dysfunction, neurological disturbances; s/s of
bleeding
Administration→ irreversible (lasts 7-10 days)
Client Instructions→ education on TTP risks
, C/P→PPIs
Interactions→ proton pump inhibitors i.e. omeprazole
Apply knowledge of the pathophysiology of Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) to providing quality nursing
care. (includes etiology) Correct Answers -Trigger→ DIC→
increase in clotting factor (excessive clotting)→ increase in
fibrin (not needed)→ decrease in platelets and clotting factor→
turn off clotting factor→ clot breakdown→ FSP (fibrin split
products) which inhibit normal coagulation→ inability to clot
when needed→ BLEED OUT
-DIC begins as a clotting problem which leads to a bleeding
problem due to overconsumption of clotting factors
-Causes→ (1) diffuse coagulation-microclots, caused by
underlying condition triggering wide-spread coagulation; (2)
profuse bleeding from depletion of clotting factors and platelets
-Septic shock can cause DIC
-Hemorrhage in DIC: excessive clotting→ activates fibrinolytic
system (breaks down newly formed clot) → clot breakdown
causes FSPs to form→ FSP inhibit normal clotting→ FSP
accumulation and clotting factor depleted→ inability to clot→
BLEED OUT
-Thrombus→ injury/malignancy→ release of tissue factor and
enhances normal clotting mechanisms→ enhances platelet
aggregation→ causes widespread fibrin and platelet depletion→
thrombus and MOF
Aspirin (ASA) Correct Answers Indications→ inflammation
suppression, fever reduction, inhibit platelet aggregation
Side effects→ GI upset, heartburn, kidney dysfunction, bleeding
Pharmacology) Questions With Complete Solutions
Acetaminophen Correct Answers Indications→ fever, mild pain
Side effects→ liver damage, HTN in everyday use
Considerations→ monitor for OD, max dose 4g/day, avoid
alcohol
Anticholinergics; Ipratropium (Atrovent) Correct Answers
Therapeutic use→ bronchodilation; relieves bronchoconstriction
and reduces secretions
Adverse Drug Reactions→ dry mouth, urinary retention, inc
intraocular pressure, constipation
Interventions→ monitor anticholinergic effects
Administration→ do not swallow capsule, put inside nebulizer
Client Instructions→ stimulate saliva production, not for
exacerbations
C/P→ glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, urinary issues, bowel
obstruction, dry
Interactions→ beta 2-agonists enhance bronchodilation
Anticoagulants- Heparin Correct Answers Therapeutic use→
AMI, CVA, PE, DVT, DIC, adjunct for open heart,
hemodialysis, blood transfusion, prophylactic for VTE/PE
Adverse Drug Reactions→ bleeding, thrombocytopenia (HIT),
hypersensitivity
Interventions→ monitor PTT/aPTT (should only be 1.5x
baseline value), platelets, potassium (hyperkalemia); only given
in hospital; reversal agent→ Protamine; works faster than
Warfarin
Administration→SQ or IV; within scope to stop a heparin drip
,Client Instructions→ does not break up existing clots-prevents
new ones
C/P→ bleeding
Interactions→ Protamine
Anticoagulants- Warfarin Correct Answers Therapeutic use→
PE, VTE, A-fib, prosthetic heart valves, TIA, MI prevention
Adverse Drug Reactions→ toxicity, hemorrhage, long term
use→ inc risk for fractures
Interventions→ reversal agent: vitamin K; monitor INR
Administration→PO or IV, consider SNTT (effects factor 7, 9,
10, 2)
Client Instructions→ prevents future clots, works slower than
heparin, can take 3-5 days full effect; avoid NSAIDs, ASA, use
soft toothbrush, electric razor, keep vitamin K consumption
consistent (leafy greens, broccoli, brussel sprouts)
C/P→ pregnancy, thrombocytopenia, alcoholism
Interactions→ inc effects: ASA, Tylenol, glucocorticoids, sulfas,
cephalosporins; dec effects; phenobarbital, oral contraceptives,
phenytoin, vitamin K
Antiplatelets (ADP Inhibitors)- Clopidogrel Correct Answers
Therapeutic use→ MI, ischemic CVA, stents, given with ASA
for AMI
Adverse Drug Reactions→ bleeding
Interventions→ monitor for thrombotic thrombocytopenia
purpura (TTP) in first 2 weeks; thrombocytopenia, anemia, rash,
fever, renal dysfunction, neurological disturbances; s/s of
bleeding
Administration→ irreversible (lasts 7-10 days)
Client Instructions→ education on TTP risks
, C/P→PPIs
Interactions→ proton pump inhibitors i.e. omeprazole
Apply knowledge of the pathophysiology of Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) to providing quality nursing
care. (includes etiology) Correct Answers -Trigger→ DIC→
increase in clotting factor (excessive clotting)→ increase in
fibrin (not needed)→ decrease in platelets and clotting factor→
turn off clotting factor→ clot breakdown→ FSP (fibrin split
products) which inhibit normal coagulation→ inability to clot
when needed→ BLEED OUT
-DIC begins as a clotting problem which leads to a bleeding
problem due to overconsumption of clotting factors
-Causes→ (1) diffuse coagulation-microclots, caused by
underlying condition triggering wide-spread coagulation; (2)
profuse bleeding from depletion of clotting factors and platelets
-Septic shock can cause DIC
-Hemorrhage in DIC: excessive clotting→ activates fibrinolytic
system (breaks down newly formed clot) → clot breakdown
causes FSPs to form→ FSP inhibit normal clotting→ FSP
accumulation and clotting factor depleted→ inability to clot→
BLEED OUT
-Thrombus→ injury/malignancy→ release of tissue factor and
enhances normal clotting mechanisms→ enhances platelet
aggregation→ causes widespread fibrin and platelet depletion→
thrombus and MOF
Aspirin (ASA) Correct Answers Indications→ inflammation
suppression, fever reduction, inhibit platelet aggregation
Side effects→ GI upset, heartburn, kidney dysfunction, bleeding
