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1. The ________________ __________________ consists of the following
steps: conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research
data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions. - ANSWER scientific method
2. ______ theories view development as being primarily the result of
unconscious processes. - ANSWER Psychoanalytic
3. One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural
theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are
all ____________ theories. - ANSWER Cognitive
4. Which of the following values of a distribution's variance is impossible?
A. 1025
B. -.449
C. 2.45
D. .965 - ANSWER B
5. Why are measures of variability so important?
A. Because measures of central tendency are so flawed
B. Because standard deviations and range are good measures
representing a distribution
C. Because it tells us how good our measures of central tendency are
D. Because statistics are used only to report variance - ANSWER C
6. When would the mode be the most effective way to describe a distribution?
, A. When the mean, median, and mode are the same and you have a
continuous variable
B. When the mean, median, and mode are the same and you have a
categorical variable
C. When data are categorical with few categories
D. The mode is never appropriate - ANSWER C
7. Kurtosis refers to:
A. whether more extreme scores are in one tail of the distribution as
opposed to other
B. the average distance of scores from a measure of central tendency
C. the peakedness or flatness of a distribution
D. whether the distribution is continuous or discrete - ANSWER C
8. Why is the mean the most commonly used measure of central tendency?
A. It isn't the most commonly used
B. The median and the mode don't tell us much when variables are
discrete
C. It gives us one, simple number that minimizes deviations overall
D. The mean is more appropriately used to describe variability -
ANSWER C
9. For a relative frequency histogram, each point on the graph represents
A. the percent of scores at a particular point or interval
B. the percent of scores above a particular point or interval
C. the percent of scores at or below a particular point or interval divided
by the total number of scores
D. the percent of scores above a particular point or interval divided by
the total number of scores - ANSWER A
10.The process of selecting a subset of people from a population such that every
person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the subset
is called:
, A. standardizing the population
B. stimulus sampling
C. random sampling
D. population sampling - ANSWER C
11.A researcher is curious about the average IQ of all currently registered
voters in the state of Iowa. If this average could be obtained, it would be an
example of a __________.
A. parameter
B. statistic
C. sample
D. population - ANSWER A, D
12.If we say something is "statistically significant", what do we mean?
A. our results are likely just due to chance
B. our results are unlikely to be found by chance
C. we have proven that our data is different from a population
D. we have disproved that our data is different from a population -
ANSWER B
13.Why do we transform scores?
A. To get a mean and standard deviation
B. To make different distributions comparable
C. To make life more complicated
D. To change scores to raw units - ANSWER B
14.The Central Limit Theorem tells us that the shape of a sampling distribution
of means approaches a normal distribution as:
A. the population distribution approaches a normal distribution.
B. the standard deviation of the population approaches the standard error
of the mean.
C. the mean of the population distribution gets larger.
D. the size of the samples gets larger. - ANSWER D