NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam With Correct Verified
And Detailed Answers
Asthma - ANSWERS-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWERS-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWERS--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWERS-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWERS-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWERS-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWERS-embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWERS-white blood cells are present to help protect
the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWERS-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
, What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERS-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERS-smooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWERS-control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWERS-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air
inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWERS-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWERS--expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWERS-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWERS-These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWERS-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic
receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWERS-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion - ANSWERS-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANSWERS-cyanosis
right to left shunting
Midterm Exam With Correct Verified
And Detailed Answers
Asthma - ANSWERS-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWERS-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWERS--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWERS-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWERS-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWERS-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWERS-embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWERS-white blood cells are present to help protect
the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWERS-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
, What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERS-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERS-smooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWERS-control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWERS-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air
inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWERS-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWERS--expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWERS-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWERS-These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWERS-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic
receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWERS-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion - ANSWERS-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANSWERS-cyanosis
right to left shunting
