NR 546 Week 2 Neurotransmitters- EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
NEWEST VERSION
Informational Introduction
An understanding of neurotransmission and its relationship to psychiatric Sxs is foundational to
the safe effective prescribing of psychotropic medications.
Neurotransmitters
They work with receptors in the brain to influence and regulate a range of processes.
Including emotions and mental performance.
Behavioral Symptoms
May be related to malfunctioning neurons.
These Sxs may be relieved, worsened, produced by drugs such as psychotropic medications that
alter neurotransmitter processes and functioning.
Cytochrome P450
Phase 1 metabolism
when the drug is ingested (orally) the drug goes into phase 1 metabolism.
during phase 1 metabolism (chemical reaction) the drug can go through:
*Oxidation (most common)
*Reduction
*Hydrolysis
,Which can then cause 3 possible outcomes:
*Drug becomes completely inactive
*Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
*Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active.
Oxidation ,Reduction, Hydrolysis definitions
Oxidation is a chemical process where a molecule, atom, or ion loses electrons.
Reduction is a chemical process in which a molecule, atom, or ion gains electrons.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a water molecule is used to break a bond in a
molecule, typically splitting it into two smaller parts.
"Inhibitors"
Cytochrome P450
Decrease medication metabolism
"VISA credit card debit inhibits spending on designers like "CK" to look "GQ"
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
"Inducers"
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Increase medication metabolism
,"CRAP GPS"
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Neurotransmitters Background
Comprehension of chemical neurotransmission is essential for:
*understanding psychiatric disorders
*the actions of psychotropic drugs
*predicting client outcomes of psychotropic drug therapy.
Behavioral Sxs may be related to malfunctioning neurons.
Sxs may be relieved, worsened, or produced by drugs that impact neuron fxn.
Which client factors impact the effect of psychotropic medications
Age
Diet
Smoking status
Other prescribed medications
Over-the-counter medications
These factors as well as side effects should be considered when prescribing psychotropic
medications.
Neurotransmission
Is the chemical transmission of information between neurons and their target cells.
During neurotransmission
The chemicals or neurotransmitters are released from their transport vesicles to bind with
receptor sites to perform their duties.
, *Excitatory or inhibitory
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential
Neurotransmitters
The neurotransmitter is either returned and stored for future use (Known as reuptake)
Or
It is inactivated and dissolved by enzymes.
Neurotransmitters
*Are chemicals released by neurons to send communication across the synaptic clefts to other
neurons.
*Many psychiatric disorders and client Sxs occur from excess, deficiency, or imbalance of
neurotransmitters.
*Neurotransmitters impact human emotion and behavior.
*Drug therapy can be prescribed to target specific neurotransmitters to achieve desired
outcomes.
Neurotransmitters that impact mental health (4 categories)
*Cholinergics:
acetylcholine
*Monoamines:
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
NEWEST VERSION
Informational Introduction
An understanding of neurotransmission and its relationship to psychiatric Sxs is foundational to
the safe effective prescribing of psychotropic medications.
Neurotransmitters
They work with receptors in the brain to influence and regulate a range of processes.
Including emotions and mental performance.
Behavioral Symptoms
May be related to malfunctioning neurons.
These Sxs may be relieved, worsened, produced by drugs such as psychotropic medications that
alter neurotransmitter processes and functioning.
Cytochrome P450
Phase 1 metabolism
when the drug is ingested (orally) the drug goes into phase 1 metabolism.
during phase 1 metabolism (chemical reaction) the drug can go through:
*Oxidation (most common)
*Reduction
*Hydrolysis
,Which can then cause 3 possible outcomes:
*Drug becomes completely inactive
*Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
*Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active.
Oxidation ,Reduction, Hydrolysis definitions
Oxidation is a chemical process where a molecule, atom, or ion loses electrons.
Reduction is a chemical process in which a molecule, atom, or ion gains electrons.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a water molecule is used to break a bond in a
molecule, typically splitting it into two smaller parts.
"Inhibitors"
Cytochrome P450
Decrease medication metabolism
"VISA credit card debit inhibits spending on designers like "CK" to look "GQ"
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
"Inducers"
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Increase medication metabolism
,"CRAP GPS"
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Neurotransmitters Background
Comprehension of chemical neurotransmission is essential for:
*understanding psychiatric disorders
*the actions of psychotropic drugs
*predicting client outcomes of psychotropic drug therapy.
Behavioral Sxs may be related to malfunctioning neurons.
Sxs may be relieved, worsened, or produced by drugs that impact neuron fxn.
Which client factors impact the effect of psychotropic medications
Age
Diet
Smoking status
Other prescribed medications
Over-the-counter medications
These factors as well as side effects should be considered when prescribing psychotropic
medications.
Neurotransmission
Is the chemical transmission of information between neurons and their target cells.
During neurotransmission
The chemicals or neurotransmitters are released from their transport vesicles to bind with
receptor sites to perform their duties.
, *Excitatory or inhibitory
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential
Neurotransmitters
The neurotransmitter is either returned and stored for future use (Known as reuptake)
Or
It is inactivated and dissolved by enzymes.
Neurotransmitters
*Are chemicals released by neurons to send communication across the synaptic clefts to other
neurons.
*Many psychiatric disorders and client Sxs occur from excess, deficiency, or imbalance of
neurotransmitters.
*Neurotransmitters impact human emotion and behavior.
*Drug therapy can be prescribed to target specific neurotransmitters to achieve desired
outcomes.
Neurotransmitters that impact mental health (4 categories)
*Cholinergics:
acetylcholine
*Monoamines:
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine
