NMNEC 1230 Final Exam NURSE set (All concepts
NMNEC 1230 Pharmacology) Questions With Complete
Solutions
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) uses
used for treatment of tuberculosis, used prophylactically after
exposure to TB to prevent active infection
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) nurse responsibilities
-determine past instances of TB including last PPD skin test and
reaction or serum interferon-gamma release assay, last chest x-
ray and result, and last ophthalmic exam
-check liver function, BUN, serum creatinine
-assess patient for paresthesia: tingling, numbness, burning
-give pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as prescribed to prevent
peripheral neuropathy
-administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals because food
decreases absorption
-collect sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli
-prophylactic therapy is contraindicated in persons with liver
disease, may cause INH-induced liver damage
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) side effects and
adverse reactions
SE: neuropathy, blurred vision, photosensitivity
AR: aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) patient teaching
,-compliance to treatment is very important, ineffective treatment
can cause resistance
-teach patients that family members should get skin test and
receive prophylactic treatment
-teach patient not to take antacids due to decrease drug
absorption
-avoid alcohol to decrease hepatotoxicity
-teach patients that rifampin may cause urine, feces, sweat, and
saliva to turn red/orange color
-teach patients that combination therapy is more effective at
eradicating infection and preventing development of resistance
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) uses
used a supplementation of vitamin B6 during treatment for
tuberculosis, reduces neurotoxic effects of treatment
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) nurse responsibilities
give with isoniazid therapy as prescribed to reduce neurotoxicity
and peripheral neuropathy associated with antitubercular
treatment
Chloroquine (antimalarial) uses
used for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, used off label for
treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis
Chloroquine (antimalarial) nurse responsibilities
-assess patients hearing to establish auditory baseline, can cause
hearing loss and ototoxicity
-assess vision changes
-monitor liver and renal function, monitor urine output and LFTs
,Chloroquine (antimalarial) side effects and adverse reactions
SE: decreased vision and difficulty hearing
AR: seizures
Life threatening: agranulocytosis, ototoxicity
Chloroquine (antimalarial) patient teaching
- teach to take oral antimalarial with food if GI upset occurs
-monitor patient returning from malaria-endemic areas for
malaria symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
cramps, pruritus, visual changes, dizziness
-teach patient to report S/S of anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, visual disturbances, hearing
loss, and dizziness
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) uses
used for treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic
infections
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) nurse responsibilities
do not consume alcohol when taking this medication, can cause
disulfiram-like reaction: severe headache, flushing, palpitations,
cramping, nausea
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) adverse reaction
disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol: flushing,
throbbing headache, visual disturbances, confusion, dyspnea,
vomiting, tachycardia, palpitations, syncope, circulatory
collapse
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) use
, used for pinworm
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) nurse responsibilities
-monitor fluid and urinary output during medication treatment,
check for fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, and inadequate
intake
-collect stool specimen before and after treatment to assess
effectiveness
-administer after meals to prevent or minimize occurrence of GI
distress
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) patient teaching
-teach patient importance of handwashing before meals and after
using toilet
-teach patient to shower daily, no baths
-teach patient to change sheets, bedclothes, towels, and
underwear daily
Zidovudine (antiretroviral) uses
treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), prevention
of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV
Zidovudine side effects
nausea, constipation, fatigue, fever, diarrhea
Zidovudine (antiretroviral) patient teaching
-adherence is key
-safe for use during pregnancy, keeping low viral load
significantly reduces chance of transmission of HIV from
mother to baby
NMNEC 1230 Pharmacology) Questions With Complete
Solutions
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) uses
used for treatment of tuberculosis, used prophylactically after
exposure to TB to prevent active infection
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) nurse responsibilities
-determine past instances of TB including last PPD skin test and
reaction or serum interferon-gamma release assay, last chest x-
ray and result, and last ophthalmic exam
-check liver function, BUN, serum creatinine
-assess patient for paresthesia: tingling, numbness, burning
-give pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as prescribed to prevent
peripheral neuropathy
-administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals because food
decreases absorption
-collect sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli
-prophylactic therapy is contraindicated in persons with liver
disease, may cause INH-induced liver damage
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) side effects and
adverse reactions
SE: neuropathy, blurred vision, photosensitivity
AR: aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia
Isoniazid (INH, antitubercular antibiotic) patient teaching
,-compliance to treatment is very important, ineffective treatment
can cause resistance
-teach patients that family members should get skin test and
receive prophylactic treatment
-teach patient not to take antacids due to decrease drug
absorption
-avoid alcohol to decrease hepatotoxicity
-teach patients that rifampin may cause urine, feces, sweat, and
saliva to turn red/orange color
-teach patients that combination therapy is more effective at
eradicating infection and preventing development of resistance
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) uses
used a supplementation of vitamin B6 during treatment for
tuberculosis, reduces neurotoxic effects of treatment
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) nurse responsibilities
give with isoniazid therapy as prescribed to reduce neurotoxicity
and peripheral neuropathy associated with antitubercular
treatment
Chloroquine (antimalarial) uses
used for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, used off label for
treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis
Chloroquine (antimalarial) nurse responsibilities
-assess patients hearing to establish auditory baseline, can cause
hearing loss and ototoxicity
-assess vision changes
-monitor liver and renal function, monitor urine output and LFTs
,Chloroquine (antimalarial) side effects and adverse reactions
SE: decreased vision and difficulty hearing
AR: seizures
Life threatening: agranulocytosis, ototoxicity
Chloroquine (antimalarial) patient teaching
- teach to take oral antimalarial with food if GI upset occurs
-monitor patient returning from malaria-endemic areas for
malaria symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
cramps, pruritus, visual changes, dizziness
-teach patient to report S/S of anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, visual disturbances, hearing
loss, and dizziness
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) uses
used for treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic
infections
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) nurse responsibilities
do not consume alcohol when taking this medication, can cause
disulfiram-like reaction: severe headache, flushing, palpitations,
cramping, nausea
Metronidazole (antibacterial peptide) adverse reaction
disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol: flushing,
throbbing headache, visual disturbances, confusion, dyspnea,
vomiting, tachycardia, palpitations, syncope, circulatory
collapse
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) use
, used for pinworm
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) nurse responsibilities
-monitor fluid and urinary output during medication treatment,
check for fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, and inadequate
intake
-collect stool specimen before and after treatment to assess
effectiveness
-administer after meals to prevent or minimize occurrence of GI
distress
Ivermectin (anthelmintics, antiparasitic) patient teaching
-teach patient importance of handwashing before meals and after
using toilet
-teach patient to shower daily, no baths
-teach patient to change sheets, bedclothes, towels, and
underwear daily
Zidovudine (antiretroviral) uses
treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), prevention
of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV
Zidovudine side effects
nausea, constipation, fatigue, fever, diarrhea
Zidovudine (antiretroviral) patient teaching
-adherence is key
-safe for use during pregnancy, keeping low viral load
significantly reduces chance of transmission of HIV from
mother to baby
