15) | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Guidelines for Conducting ALL Types of Quantitative Analysis Answer - 1. Select
tests a priori
2. Run all the tests identified
3. Report all the tests that were run
Goals of the Analysis Answer - - Evaluate differences between groups (ex.
control and experimental group)
- Sort data
- Aid in data reduction by grouping variables into overall classifications
Parametric tests Answer - Statistical tests that are appropriate for data that are
normally distributed (that is, fall in a bell curve)
- Holds only when interval- or ratio- level measures are collected or when
samples are large enough to achieve normality
Nonparametric tests Answer - Statistical tests that make no assumptions about
the distribution of the data
- If normal cannot be assumed
- Distribution free: tests do not rely on specific distribution to generate
accurate results
, Robust tests Answer - Statistical tests that are able to yield reliable results
even if their underlying assumptions are violated
Univariable analysis Answer - Analysis of a single variable in descriptive
statistics or a single dependent variable in inferential analysis
- Ex. differentiating whether blood pressure is affected more by exercise in the
morning or the evening
Bivariate analysis Answer - Analysis of two variables at a time, as in correlation
studies
- Ex. Determining if blood pressure is associated with sodium intake
Multivariate analysis Answer - The simultaneous analysis of multiple variables
- Ex. Determining if blood pressure is different in the morning or evening, and is
associated with sodium intake, weight, and stress level
Interferential analysis Answer - Statistical tests to determine if results found in
a sample are representative of a larger population
Standard error Answer - The error that arises from the sampling procedure; it
is directly affected by variability and indirectly affected by sample size
- Differences between samples and populations
Point estimate Answer - A statistic derived from a sample that is used to
represent a population parameter
- represents a single number
Confidence interval Answer - A range of values that includes, with a specified
level of confidence, the actual population parameter