HIST 201 BYU Christensen Midterm
Questions and All Correct Answers.
Church's position on evolution - Answer *There is NO official position
*Some leaders have shared opinions but have never said this is doctrine
Carbon Dating - Answer Judging how old something is by the half life of carbon. Half of the
carbon dies every so many years and so they can know how old something is based on how
much carbon there is
You can also look at the surrounding earth/other life forms
How does mankind and civilization evolve? - Answer Through interactions and adaptations:
- These produce innovations that then, drive history.
- Stone tools, weapons, sugar, opium, the internet
Hominin - Answer Any member of the group of humans and their ancestors
-Neanderthals, homo erectus, homo habitis are all part of the Hominin family
-Today only one species exist: homo sapiens
Physical traits changed to allow for bipedalism - Answer -limited exposure to the sun
- walk for longer
- use your hands
- this allowed hominins to adapt to new environments like the savanna, they could move around
- decrease in body hair you have
- here the first tools emerged
Diets diversified and increasingly included meat
-Climate change between warm and cool cycles affected this development and eventually
survival.
Homo erectis - Answer -could live equally well with various environments
-developed the use of fire 1 million years ago
-developed new stone technology
-might not have been the first out of Africa after all
-A cool, dry period during this time allowed Homo erectics to survive while others didn't
,Homo sapiens - Answer -various lineages between Homo sapiens then and now
-better technical skills (weapons, tools) and cultural creativity
-Hunted animals!! added calories, allowed them to stay in one place, use the bones and the
skins
-Gathered in groups in shelters (caves, overhangs, etc)
- Developed non-utilitarian objects
-culture was developed: jewelry, symbols, art
Homo sapiens leave Africa - Answer -First to Asia, then India, China, Australia, Europe,
Siberia, Alaska, the Americas
-Various ice ages allowed bridged continents and allowed for migration
-the cooler weather killed many species including Neanderthals
-The warm up, about 14.5k years ago, helped kill woolly mega fauna(died around 4.6k years
ago)
-Just because the bridge between scientific truth and religious truth doesn't exist right now
doesn't mean either are not true!!
-The America's first inhabitants arrived 16k-13.5k years ago
Why did H. sapiens survive? - Answer -Better communication transmission of knowledge
* Better developed voice box which allows for the communication
-More social and communal
-Hunted larger animals and adapted to drier climates
-More versatile
Foraging to intensive agriculture - Answer -KEY to civilization
-occurred in the Fertile crescent
*Moderate climate, fertile soil, Tigris and Euphrates for irrigation, had large areas of wild grains
Natufian culture (11500-9500 BC) - Answer -semi-sedentary foragers
- Collected wild cereal grains for food
- Practiced ancestor worship (collected skulls from dead ancestors and put them on their
mantels)
- A cold, dry period of over 1K years collapsed the culture
Neolithic (9600-4500 BC) - Answer -Selective breeding of grain led to large-grained cereals
-Animal domestication now complemented hunted game
, *digging sticks, spades and other tools
-Irrigation from nearby rivers red the fields
Urban centers in Mesopotamis and Egypt: Villages to Towns (5500-3500 BC) - Answer -
Administered through assemblies
-Surplus agriculture allowed for social stratification
*wealthy land owners
** poiltical and religious rulers
*craftspeople
*Merchants, modest landowners
*landless commoners
Urban Centers in Mesopotamia and Egypt: city states - Answer -Inhabitants include non-
farming inhabitants
-Socially stratified
-Rulers maintained control via armed men
-Egyptian Kingdoms
*divine kings unified Egyptian lands
**Early dynastic period (3100-2613BC)
**Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC)
***Age of the pyramids
***Age of bureaucracy aided by hieroglyphic writing on papyrus
What came out of the urban centers in Mesopotamia? (11500-1500 BC) - Answer -The plow
-The potter's wheel
-Wheeled vehicles
-Large-scale beer production
-Bronze
-Patriarchy (men's big bodies are better for hunting, military and farming)
-Writing: Cuneiform (3450 BC)
-War over water access and land birth the warrior kings who claimed divine kingship
Akkadia (2350-2150BC) - Answer -Mesopotamian kingdom
-used an army to unify a territory of 2 million people
-created the first empire
Questions and All Correct Answers.
Church's position on evolution - Answer *There is NO official position
*Some leaders have shared opinions but have never said this is doctrine
Carbon Dating - Answer Judging how old something is by the half life of carbon. Half of the
carbon dies every so many years and so they can know how old something is based on how
much carbon there is
You can also look at the surrounding earth/other life forms
How does mankind and civilization evolve? - Answer Through interactions and adaptations:
- These produce innovations that then, drive history.
- Stone tools, weapons, sugar, opium, the internet
Hominin - Answer Any member of the group of humans and their ancestors
-Neanderthals, homo erectus, homo habitis are all part of the Hominin family
-Today only one species exist: homo sapiens
Physical traits changed to allow for bipedalism - Answer -limited exposure to the sun
- walk for longer
- use your hands
- this allowed hominins to adapt to new environments like the savanna, they could move around
- decrease in body hair you have
- here the first tools emerged
Diets diversified and increasingly included meat
-Climate change between warm and cool cycles affected this development and eventually
survival.
Homo erectis - Answer -could live equally well with various environments
-developed the use of fire 1 million years ago
-developed new stone technology
-might not have been the first out of Africa after all
-A cool, dry period during this time allowed Homo erectics to survive while others didn't
,Homo sapiens - Answer -various lineages between Homo sapiens then and now
-better technical skills (weapons, tools) and cultural creativity
-Hunted animals!! added calories, allowed them to stay in one place, use the bones and the
skins
-Gathered in groups in shelters (caves, overhangs, etc)
- Developed non-utilitarian objects
-culture was developed: jewelry, symbols, art
Homo sapiens leave Africa - Answer -First to Asia, then India, China, Australia, Europe,
Siberia, Alaska, the Americas
-Various ice ages allowed bridged continents and allowed for migration
-the cooler weather killed many species including Neanderthals
-The warm up, about 14.5k years ago, helped kill woolly mega fauna(died around 4.6k years
ago)
-Just because the bridge between scientific truth and religious truth doesn't exist right now
doesn't mean either are not true!!
-The America's first inhabitants arrived 16k-13.5k years ago
Why did H. sapiens survive? - Answer -Better communication transmission of knowledge
* Better developed voice box which allows for the communication
-More social and communal
-Hunted larger animals and adapted to drier climates
-More versatile
Foraging to intensive agriculture - Answer -KEY to civilization
-occurred in the Fertile crescent
*Moderate climate, fertile soil, Tigris and Euphrates for irrigation, had large areas of wild grains
Natufian culture (11500-9500 BC) - Answer -semi-sedentary foragers
- Collected wild cereal grains for food
- Practiced ancestor worship (collected skulls from dead ancestors and put them on their
mantels)
- A cold, dry period of over 1K years collapsed the culture
Neolithic (9600-4500 BC) - Answer -Selective breeding of grain led to large-grained cereals
-Animal domestication now complemented hunted game
, *digging sticks, spades and other tools
-Irrigation from nearby rivers red the fields
Urban centers in Mesopotamis and Egypt: Villages to Towns (5500-3500 BC) - Answer -
Administered through assemblies
-Surplus agriculture allowed for social stratification
*wealthy land owners
** poiltical and religious rulers
*craftspeople
*Merchants, modest landowners
*landless commoners
Urban Centers in Mesopotamia and Egypt: city states - Answer -Inhabitants include non-
farming inhabitants
-Socially stratified
-Rulers maintained control via armed men
-Egyptian Kingdoms
*divine kings unified Egyptian lands
**Early dynastic period (3100-2613BC)
**Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC)
***Age of the pyramids
***Age of bureaucracy aided by hieroglyphic writing on papyrus
What came out of the urban centers in Mesopotamia? (11500-1500 BC) - Answer -The plow
-The potter's wheel
-Wheeled vehicles
-Large-scale beer production
-Bronze
-Patriarchy (men's big bodies are better for hunting, military and farming)
-Writing: Cuneiform (3450 BC)
-War over water access and land birth the warrior kings who claimed divine kingship
Akkadia (2350-2150BC) - Answer -Mesopotamian kingdom
-used an army to unify a territory of 2 million people
-created the first empire
