WGU C458 Health, Fitness and
Wellness Exam Study Guide:
GRADED A+. Questions and
Verified Answers. Latest 2026
Update
Nutrition - Ans✔✔-provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition - Ans✔✔-implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough
calories
Malnutrition - Ans✔✔-an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - Ans✔✔-literally means loss of appetite, but this is a
misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an
irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals,
compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - Ans✔✔-characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed
,by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics)
or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) - Ans✔✔-episodes of binge eating characterized by
eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and
feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity - Ans✔✔-15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns;
include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of
high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious
health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke,
and some types of cancer.
Minerals - Ans✔✔-inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and
electrolyte balance
Major minerals - Ans✔✔-needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals - Ans✔✔-required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc,
selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and
manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - Ans✔✔-protect the body against
heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - Ans✔✔-most cholesterol in the
blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the
blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn
increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins - Ans✔✔-large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream;
how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants - Ans✔✔-slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by
binding with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions - Ans✔✔-the energy-yielding reactions in which either an
oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from
a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that
has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron.
Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the
other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - Ans✔✔-any atom or group of atoms that has an
unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very
prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
, When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of
damage.
Carbohydrates - Ans✔✔-produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods
as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein - Ans✔✔-produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
Lipids - Ans✔✔-produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds
that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are
classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and
sterols
Incomplete protein - Ans✔✔-proteins that are lacking one or more of the
essential amino acids
Glycogen - Ans✔✔-the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose - Ans✔✔-simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Wellness Exam Study Guide:
GRADED A+. Questions and
Verified Answers. Latest 2026
Update
Nutrition - Ans✔✔-provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition - Ans✔✔-implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough
calories
Malnutrition - Ans✔✔-an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - Ans✔✔-literally means loss of appetite, but this is a
misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an
irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals,
compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - Ans✔✔-characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed
,by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics)
or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) - Ans✔✔-episodes of binge eating characterized by
eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and
feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity - Ans✔✔-15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns;
include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of
high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious
health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke,
and some types of cancer.
Minerals - Ans✔✔-inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and
electrolyte balance
Major minerals - Ans✔✔-needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals - Ans✔✔-required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc,
selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and
manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - Ans✔✔-protect the body against
heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - Ans✔✔-most cholesterol in the
blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the
blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn
increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins - Ans✔✔-large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream;
how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants - Ans✔✔-slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by
binding with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions - Ans✔✔-the energy-yielding reactions in which either an
oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from
a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that
has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron.
Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the
other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - Ans✔✔-any atom or group of atoms that has an
unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very
prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
, When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of
damage.
Carbohydrates - Ans✔✔-produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods
as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein - Ans✔✔-produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
Lipids - Ans✔✔-produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds
that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are
classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and
sterols
Incomplete protein - Ans✔✔-proteins that are lacking one or more of the
essential amino acids
Glycogen - Ans✔✔-the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose - Ans✔✔-simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
function
