KSU BIOLOGY 198 CORE EXAM 2026 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Morgan's experiments with red and white eye color in the fruit fly Drosophila
provided evidence that alleles are located on chromosomes because - ✔✔the results of
his crosses could be explained if he assumed that the alleles controlling eye color are
located on the X chromosome.
✔✔Dosage compensation involves inactivation of the Y chromosome in males in order
to equalize gene expression between the sexes. - ✔✔False
✔✔One of the X chromosomes in each cell of a female is inactivated early in embryonic
development, before the embryo's sex is determined. - ✔✔False
✔✔In a female, the same X chromosome is inactivated in all cells. - ✔✔False
✔✔If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked trait, some of her cells will express one
allele and some the other, resulting in a genetic mosaic. - ✔✔True
✔✔In males, the inactivated and highly condensed Y chromosome is visible as an
intensely staining Barr body attached to the nuclear membrane. - ✔✔False
✔✔Calico cats are heterozygous for alleles on the X chromosome that produce either
black fur or orange fur. - ✔✔True
✔✔In calico cats, whether the fur in a particular area is black or orange depends on
which of the two X chromosomes is inactivated - ✔✔True
✔✔Only females can be calico cats - ✔✔True
✔✔raits controlled by organellar DNA do not show Mendelian inheritance because -
✔✔organellar DNA is not partitioned with the nuclear genome by the process of
meiosis.
✔✔Which of the following best describes the pattern of inheritance for mitochondrial
DNA? - ✔✔it is usually inherited entirely from the mother
✔✔Which of the following can directly cause genetic disease? Check all that apply.
Altering a single base pair in the DNA of an organism.
Altering multiple base pairs in the DNA of an organism.
Evolution of a new strain of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics.
A mutation that alters a single amino acid within a protein.
A mutation that alters several amino acids within a protein.
, A mutation that changes a gene that codes for a normal protein into a gene that codes
for a defective protein or no protein at all.
Loss of a small section of a chromosome.
One or more extra chromosomes.
One or more missing chromosomes.
Destruction of healthy cells by bacterial toxins. - ✔✔Altering a single base pair in the
DNA of an organism.
Altering multiple base pairs in the DNA of an organism.
A mutation that alters a single amino acid within a protein.
A mutation that alters several amino acids within a protein.
A mutation that changes a gene that codes for a normal protein into a gene that codes
for a defective protein or no protein at all.
Loss of a small section of a chromosome.
One or more extra chromosomes.
One or more missing chromosomes.
✔✔A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between - ✔✔non-sister
chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
✔✔What is a possible result of crossing over? - ✔✔Chromosomes with new alleles on
them
✔✔In an individual, one chromosome has the alleles G and H. The other chromosome
has the alleles g and h. These two loci are about 25.0 map units apart. What types of
gametes will this individual make? - ✔✔GH, Gh, gH, gh
✔✔In an individual, one chromosome has the alleles G and H. The other chromosome
has the alleles g and h. These two loci are about 25.0 map units apart. Which gametes
will be produced the LEAST frequently? - ✔✔Gh and gH
✔✔Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ________ of meiosis. -
✔✔Metaphase I
✔✔Random orientation of chromosomes during meiosis increases the amount of
variation in the next generation. What other process during meiosis leads to an increase
in variation in the next generation? - ✔✔Crossing over between homologous
chromosomes
✔✔During bacterial transformation, one or more traits of a cell are altered due to the
uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment. - ✔✔True
✔✔Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were the first scientists to describe the process of
bacterial transformation. - ✔✔False
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Morgan's experiments with red and white eye color in the fruit fly Drosophila
provided evidence that alleles are located on chromosomes because - ✔✔the results of
his crosses could be explained if he assumed that the alleles controlling eye color are
located on the X chromosome.
✔✔Dosage compensation involves inactivation of the Y chromosome in males in order
to equalize gene expression between the sexes. - ✔✔False
✔✔One of the X chromosomes in each cell of a female is inactivated early in embryonic
development, before the embryo's sex is determined. - ✔✔False
✔✔In a female, the same X chromosome is inactivated in all cells. - ✔✔False
✔✔If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked trait, some of her cells will express one
allele and some the other, resulting in a genetic mosaic. - ✔✔True
✔✔In males, the inactivated and highly condensed Y chromosome is visible as an
intensely staining Barr body attached to the nuclear membrane. - ✔✔False
✔✔Calico cats are heterozygous for alleles on the X chromosome that produce either
black fur or orange fur. - ✔✔True
✔✔In calico cats, whether the fur in a particular area is black or orange depends on
which of the two X chromosomes is inactivated - ✔✔True
✔✔Only females can be calico cats - ✔✔True
✔✔raits controlled by organellar DNA do not show Mendelian inheritance because -
✔✔organellar DNA is not partitioned with the nuclear genome by the process of
meiosis.
✔✔Which of the following best describes the pattern of inheritance for mitochondrial
DNA? - ✔✔it is usually inherited entirely from the mother
✔✔Which of the following can directly cause genetic disease? Check all that apply.
Altering a single base pair in the DNA of an organism.
Altering multiple base pairs in the DNA of an organism.
Evolution of a new strain of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics.
A mutation that alters a single amino acid within a protein.
A mutation that alters several amino acids within a protein.
, A mutation that changes a gene that codes for a normal protein into a gene that codes
for a defective protein or no protein at all.
Loss of a small section of a chromosome.
One or more extra chromosomes.
One or more missing chromosomes.
Destruction of healthy cells by bacterial toxins. - ✔✔Altering a single base pair in the
DNA of an organism.
Altering multiple base pairs in the DNA of an organism.
A mutation that alters a single amino acid within a protein.
A mutation that alters several amino acids within a protein.
A mutation that changes a gene that codes for a normal protein into a gene that codes
for a defective protein or no protein at all.
Loss of a small section of a chromosome.
One or more extra chromosomes.
One or more missing chromosomes.
✔✔A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between - ✔✔non-sister
chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
✔✔What is a possible result of crossing over? - ✔✔Chromosomes with new alleles on
them
✔✔In an individual, one chromosome has the alleles G and H. The other chromosome
has the alleles g and h. These two loci are about 25.0 map units apart. What types of
gametes will this individual make? - ✔✔GH, Gh, gH, gh
✔✔In an individual, one chromosome has the alleles G and H. The other chromosome
has the alleles g and h. These two loci are about 25.0 map units apart. Which gametes
will be produced the LEAST frequently? - ✔✔Gh and gH
✔✔Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ________ of meiosis. -
✔✔Metaphase I
✔✔Random orientation of chromosomes during meiosis increases the amount of
variation in the next generation. What other process during meiosis leads to an increase
in variation in the next generation? - ✔✔Crossing over between homologous
chromosomes
✔✔During bacterial transformation, one or more traits of a cell are altered due to the
uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment. - ✔✔True
✔✔Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were the first scientists to describe the process of
bacterial transformation. - ✔✔False
