KSU BIOLOGY 198 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔The organelle that houses the reactions of cellular respiration in
eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Chloroplast - ✔✔The organelle housing the reactions of photosynthesis in
eukaryotes.
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔The framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Cilia - ✔✔Many short, movable proton projections extending from a cell.
✔✔flagella - ✔✔A long, whip-like appendage that a cell uses in order to move.
✔✔Endosymbiotic - ✔✔The ____________ hypothesis states that chloroplasts and
mitochondira were once their own cells, but that they were engulfed and became
organelles. Proof: double membrane
✔✔Atom - ✔✔The nucleus of a(n) _________ contain Protons (+) and Neutrons (0) with
an electron (-) cloud orbiting the nucleus.
✔✔Covalent - ✔✔A(n) ______ bond is made by sharing electrons and is a very strong
connection.
✔✔Ionic - ✔✔A(n) _______ bond has average strength and is formed by the transfer of
electrons. It takes the only one on the outside electron cloud.
✔✔Hydrogen - ✔✔A(n) _________ bond is the weakest bond and is formed by
attractions between opposite charges.
✔✔polar - ✔✔The covalent bond in water is called a _____ covalent bond because the
electrons are not shared equally.
✔✔hydrogen - ✔✔pH measures the concentration of ___________ ions.
✔✔Condensation - ✔✔________________ is the process of putting monomers together
to form a polymer.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔________ is the process of splitting a polymer into its individual
monomers.
✔✔Monomers - ✔✔What makes up polymers?
, ✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔__________ provide quick energy.
✔✔lipids - ✔✔_______ store energy, hormones, and provide water proofing.
✔✔Structural Conponents of cell membranes - ✔✔there are several types of lipidsm
phospholipids of various types, cholesterol, and several kinds of proteins found in
membranes. All cells have plasma membrane, eukaryotic cells have internal
membranes of various linds that also have a bilayer structure.
Water is outide the membrane.
Mosaic means that there are numerous small pieces fitted together to make up.
✔✔phosphilipid bilayer - ✔✔The purpose of the _____________ is to contain and
protect the cells materials to allow appropriate entry and exiting of substances.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔genetic information, in a double helix
✔✔the cell cycle - ✔✔g1 (growth), s (duplucation), g2 (growth), m (cell division)
✔✔DNA replication - ✔✔In _________, the helicase breaks the two parent strands
apart. Polymerase then reads the genetic material and copies the DNA, which is
reattached and closed back up.
✔✔binary fission - ✔✔___________ is almost the exact same as mitosis, except the
DNA has a circular formation which is duplicated and one goes in each new cell.
✔✔Mitosis - ✔✔prophase, chromosones condense
metaphase, line up in the center of the cell
anaphase, start to spread apart
teleophase, cleavage furrow forms
cytokenesis, two individual cells
✔✔homologous - ✔✔_________ chromosomes are not identical, but they derive some
of the same characteristics.
✔✔Tumor suppressors - ✔✔genes that when activated can prevent cells from
uncontrolled division.
✔✔Photo-oncogenes - ✔✔normal cells when mutated become genes that cause a cell
to be cancerous.
✔✔Polarity - ✔✔causes water molecules to form weak hydrogen bonds. cohesion and
adhesion.
✔✔Cohesion - ✔✔between water molecules.
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔The organelle that houses the reactions of cellular respiration in
eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Chloroplast - ✔✔The organelle housing the reactions of photosynthesis in
eukaryotes.
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔The framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Cilia - ✔✔Many short, movable proton projections extending from a cell.
✔✔flagella - ✔✔A long, whip-like appendage that a cell uses in order to move.
✔✔Endosymbiotic - ✔✔The ____________ hypothesis states that chloroplasts and
mitochondira were once their own cells, but that they were engulfed and became
organelles. Proof: double membrane
✔✔Atom - ✔✔The nucleus of a(n) _________ contain Protons (+) and Neutrons (0) with
an electron (-) cloud orbiting the nucleus.
✔✔Covalent - ✔✔A(n) ______ bond is made by sharing electrons and is a very strong
connection.
✔✔Ionic - ✔✔A(n) _______ bond has average strength and is formed by the transfer of
electrons. It takes the only one on the outside electron cloud.
✔✔Hydrogen - ✔✔A(n) _________ bond is the weakest bond and is formed by
attractions between opposite charges.
✔✔polar - ✔✔The covalent bond in water is called a _____ covalent bond because the
electrons are not shared equally.
✔✔hydrogen - ✔✔pH measures the concentration of ___________ ions.
✔✔Condensation - ✔✔________________ is the process of putting monomers together
to form a polymer.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔________ is the process of splitting a polymer into its individual
monomers.
✔✔Monomers - ✔✔What makes up polymers?
, ✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔__________ provide quick energy.
✔✔lipids - ✔✔_______ store energy, hormones, and provide water proofing.
✔✔Structural Conponents of cell membranes - ✔✔there are several types of lipidsm
phospholipids of various types, cholesterol, and several kinds of proteins found in
membranes. All cells have plasma membrane, eukaryotic cells have internal
membranes of various linds that also have a bilayer structure.
Water is outide the membrane.
Mosaic means that there are numerous small pieces fitted together to make up.
✔✔phosphilipid bilayer - ✔✔The purpose of the _____________ is to contain and
protect the cells materials to allow appropriate entry and exiting of substances.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔genetic information, in a double helix
✔✔the cell cycle - ✔✔g1 (growth), s (duplucation), g2 (growth), m (cell division)
✔✔DNA replication - ✔✔In _________, the helicase breaks the two parent strands
apart. Polymerase then reads the genetic material and copies the DNA, which is
reattached and closed back up.
✔✔binary fission - ✔✔___________ is almost the exact same as mitosis, except the
DNA has a circular formation which is duplicated and one goes in each new cell.
✔✔Mitosis - ✔✔prophase, chromosones condense
metaphase, line up in the center of the cell
anaphase, start to spread apart
teleophase, cleavage furrow forms
cytokenesis, two individual cells
✔✔homologous - ✔✔_________ chromosomes are not identical, but they derive some
of the same characteristics.
✔✔Tumor suppressors - ✔✔genes that when activated can prevent cells from
uncontrolled division.
✔✔Photo-oncogenes - ✔✔normal cells when mutated become genes that cause a cell
to be cancerous.
✔✔Polarity - ✔✔causes water molecules to form weak hydrogen bonds. cohesion and
adhesion.
✔✔Cohesion - ✔✔between water molecules.
