PLTW PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES- SEMESTER 2
FINAL EXAM REVIEW FULLY SOLVED #8
Why do we need so many muscles in our hands, wrists, and arms? - correct answer
hands are the most frequently used body part that also has the most variety of uses;
because we can/need to do so many things with our hands, they have many more joints
and muscles than other parts of our bodies
What organ systems work together to move your arm, your wrist, and your fingers? -
correct answer cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, etc
What are some factors that make design of a prosthetic limb for human use a difficult
task? - correct answer there are so many joints, bones, and muscles in our limbs that
have very specific movements and therefore very varying functions; reproducing that is
very hard without a central nervous control system
How have prosthetic limbs changed throughout history? - correct answer before they
used to be made out of wood, metal, leather, etc; now they are much more mechanical,
with high-tech metal, even plastic parts that work together to create movements that can
be more helpful; there are even prosthetics (prototypes) that can receive signals from
the brain of the patient
How have myoelectric control and targeted muscle reinnervation revolutionized
prosthetic limb technology? - correct answer now, the patient can obtain a prosthetic
that acts like an actual limb that moves the way that the brain would tell a normal limb to
move
Explain how myoelectric arms are controlled by the patient. - correct answer an
electrically-powered prosthesis uses rechargeable battery to power small electric
motors that move the prosthetic; when a muscle is contracted a small electrical signal
(EMG) is created by a chemical interaction in the body; an electrode is attached to the
surface of the skin to record the EMG signal; once recorded, the signal is amplified,
then processed by a controller that switches the motors on or off to produce movement
Describe soft tissue - correct answer Soft tissues are the tissues that connect, support,
And surround other structures and organs of the
Body, not being bone.
What are some examples of soft tissue in the body? - correct answer tendons,
ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes (connective tissues),
muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
Which soft tissue connects bone to bone? - correct answer ligament
What is muscle?
, (a characteristic that makes muscle muscle) - correct answer tissue that when
stimulated contracts
And produces movement
Which soft tissue connects muscle to bone? - correct answer tendon
What is a soft tissue injury? - correct answer damage of skin, muscles, ligaments, and
tendons throughout the body
What are the most common causes of a soft tissue injury? - correct answer sprain,
strain, blow resulting in contusion, overuse of particular body part
What are the 5 signs of inflammation? - correct answer R-redness
H-heat
S-swelling
P-pain
L-loss of function
What is vasodilation? - correct answer dilation or narrowing of blood vessels
Why does redness occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to vasodilation
and increase in blood flow
Why does an injured person experience heat after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer
due to vasodilation and increase in blood flow
Why does swelling occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to increase in
blood flow to the injured area and possibly from blood that leaks into the injured tissue
What is a bruise/how does bruising occur? - correct answer injury causes capillaries to
burst and blood gets trapped under the surface of the skin
Why does an injured person experience pain after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer
due to the pressure of fluids or swelling through the nerve endings
Why does loss of function occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to
swelling and pain
What is a contusion? - correct answer a bruise
How does a contusion occur? - correct answer sudden traumatic blow to body, which
usually causes injury to the blood vessels (leakage of blood is what causes visible
marks)
What is hematoma? - correct answer solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues
FINAL EXAM REVIEW FULLY SOLVED #8
Why do we need so many muscles in our hands, wrists, and arms? - correct answer
hands are the most frequently used body part that also has the most variety of uses;
because we can/need to do so many things with our hands, they have many more joints
and muscles than other parts of our bodies
What organ systems work together to move your arm, your wrist, and your fingers? -
correct answer cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, etc
What are some factors that make design of a prosthetic limb for human use a difficult
task? - correct answer there are so many joints, bones, and muscles in our limbs that
have very specific movements and therefore very varying functions; reproducing that is
very hard without a central nervous control system
How have prosthetic limbs changed throughout history? - correct answer before they
used to be made out of wood, metal, leather, etc; now they are much more mechanical,
with high-tech metal, even plastic parts that work together to create movements that can
be more helpful; there are even prosthetics (prototypes) that can receive signals from
the brain of the patient
How have myoelectric control and targeted muscle reinnervation revolutionized
prosthetic limb technology? - correct answer now, the patient can obtain a prosthetic
that acts like an actual limb that moves the way that the brain would tell a normal limb to
move
Explain how myoelectric arms are controlled by the patient. - correct answer an
electrically-powered prosthesis uses rechargeable battery to power small electric
motors that move the prosthetic; when a muscle is contracted a small electrical signal
(EMG) is created by a chemical interaction in the body; an electrode is attached to the
surface of the skin to record the EMG signal; once recorded, the signal is amplified,
then processed by a controller that switches the motors on or off to produce movement
Describe soft tissue - correct answer Soft tissues are the tissues that connect, support,
And surround other structures and organs of the
Body, not being bone.
What are some examples of soft tissue in the body? - correct answer tendons,
ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes (connective tissues),
muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
Which soft tissue connects bone to bone? - correct answer ligament
What is muscle?
, (a characteristic that makes muscle muscle) - correct answer tissue that when
stimulated contracts
And produces movement
Which soft tissue connects muscle to bone? - correct answer tendon
What is a soft tissue injury? - correct answer damage of skin, muscles, ligaments, and
tendons throughout the body
What are the most common causes of a soft tissue injury? - correct answer sprain,
strain, blow resulting in contusion, overuse of particular body part
What are the 5 signs of inflammation? - correct answer R-redness
H-heat
S-swelling
P-pain
L-loss of function
What is vasodilation? - correct answer dilation or narrowing of blood vessels
Why does redness occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to vasodilation
and increase in blood flow
Why does an injured person experience heat after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer
due to vasodilation and increase in blood flow
Why does swelling occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to increase in
blood flow to the injured area and possibly from blood that leaks into the injured tissue
What is a bruise/how does bruising occur? - correct answer injury causes capillaries to
burst and blood gets trapped under the surface of the skin
Why does an injured person experience pain after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer
due to the pressure of fluids or swelling through the nerve endings
Why does loss of function occur after a soft tissue injury? - correct answer due to
swelling and pain
What is a contusion? - correct answer a bruise
How does a contusion occur? - correct answer sudden traumatic blow to body, which
usually causes injury to the blood vessels (leakage of blood is what causes visible
marks)
What is hematoma? - correct answer solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues
