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HESI A2 Biology 2026 (250+ Q&A) – HESI A2 – Nursing Admissions – Cell Biology, Genetics & Metabolism

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This document contains over 250 expert-verified exam questions and answers for the HESI A2 Biology 2026 entrance exam, covering foundational biology concepts required for nursing school admission . The material is presented in a structured question-and-answer format and begins with taxonomy hierarchy (kingdom to species), experimental design steps (observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion), and core chemistry principles such as water polarity, hydrogen bonding, specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, and solvent properties. The content provides detailed coverage of macromolecules including carbohydrates (polymers of sugars used for storage and structure), lipids (saturated vs unsaturated fats, phospholipids, steroids), proteins (amino acids and enzyme function), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Cellular biology sections thoroughly compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelle functions (nucleus, ribosomes, rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles), membrane structure (phospholipid bilayer and selective permeability), ATP as cellular energy currency, and metabolic pathways including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain with total ATP yield (32–36 ATP). Genetics and reproduction topics include mitosis phases (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis, meiosis I and II, Mendelian inheritance, alleles, homozygous vs heterozygous traits, Punnett squares, genotype vs phenotype, DNA structure (Watson and Crick double helix), transcription, mRNA, tRNA, codons, and stop codons. The document also reviews photosynthesis equations, light reactions, plant transport systems (xylem and phloem), plant reproductive structures, symbiotic relationships (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism), water cycle steps, osmosis, active vs passive transport, and bacterial shapes (cocci, spirilli, bacilli). This resource is particularly relevant for pre-nursing students, ADN and BSN applicants, allied health program candidates, and individuals preparing for the Biology section of the HESI A2 exam. It is ideal for structured self-review, entrance exam preparation courses, remediation study sessions, and comprehensive reinforcement of high-yield biology concepts tested on nursing admission assessments. Due to its organized Q&A structure, coverage of core biological systems, and alignment with HESI A2 exam objectives, this document serves as a complete biology review guide and targeted practice resource for nursing school entrance exam success. Keywords: HESI A2 biology 2026, HESI biology entrance exam prep, taxonomy hierarchy kingdom phylum class order family genus species, scientific method steps observation hypothesis experiment conclusion, water polarity hydrogen bonding specific heat, carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids review, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, organelle functions rough ER smooth ER Golgi lysosomes, ATP 32 to 36 production cellular respiration, glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport chain, mitosis phases and meiosis differences, Mendelian genetics Punnett square genotype phenotype, DNA double helix Watson and Crick, transcription mRNA tRNA codon stop codon, photosynthesis equation light reaction Calvin cycle, osmosis active vs passive transport, xylem vs phloem plant transport, symbiotic relationships mutualism commensalism parasitism

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HESI A2 BIOLOGY 2026 EXPERT
VERIFIED | ACE THE TEST



kingdom - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔largest and most inclusive category


species - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔most restrictive category


hierarchic organizational system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔kingdom, phylum, class,

order, family, genius, species


steps to an experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. observation


2. hypothesis

3. experiment

,4. conclusion


observation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔data is observed and recorded/ previous data

is studied


hypothesis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a statement or explanation of certain events or

happenings


experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔repeatable procedure of gathering data to

support or refute the hypothesis


conclusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔where the data and its significance are fully

explained


aqueous - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔water based


water molecule consists of - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔two hydrogen atoms covalently

bonded to one oxygen atom


most significant aspect of water is - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the polarity of its bonds

that allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules


specific heat - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the amount of heat necessary to raise the

temperature of 1 gram of that molecule 1 degree celsius

, water has high specific heat due to - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the extent of hydrogen

bonding between water molecules, which allows waters to resist shifts in

temperature (ability of oceans or large bodies of water to stabilize climates)


cohesion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the ability of a molecule to stay bonded or

attracted to another molecule of the same substance (water running

together on a newly waxed car)


adhesion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the ability of water to bond to or attract other

molecules or substances (when water is sprayed onto the wall, some of it

sticks to the wall)


when water freezes it forms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lattice crystals; causing the

molecules to spread apart, resulting in the phenomenon of ice floating


polarity of water allows it to act as an - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔versatile solvent

(used to dissolve a number of different solvents)


carbohydrates - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔longs chains, or polymers of sugar


-used for storage, structure, and energy

-the backbone of important molecules such as DNA and RNA




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