Illinois pesticide general standards
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_41dio1
1. pest: any insect, mite, rodent,nematode, fungus, weed, or other plant or animal that is injurious to the health of
humans, animals, or to the environment
2. economic threshold: number of pests per plant or the amount of damage to a plant at which point control
measures should be begun
3. economic injury level: break-even point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused
by a pest
4. aesthetic injury level: number of pests that might cause enough damage to the appearance of a plant to
warrant the cost of control
5. cultural control: improves crop health in order to make the crop better able to compete against pests. for
example, a dense, vigorous stand of turfgrass that has been properly fertilized and mowed is the best defense against
invading weeds. selecting plants that are resistant to insects or disease pathogens is another cultural control practice
6. mechanical control: physically eliminates the best. hand pulling, hoeing, rotary hoeing, cultivating, mow-
ing, and aquatic weed harvesting can control weeds and minimize the needs for herbicides
7. biological control: the use of living organisms to reduce pest populations to economically acceptable levels.
insects,diseases, or parasitic plants can be used as control agents to reduce weed competitiveness. examples for pest
control-parasitic wasps to control alfalfa weevil and b.t. to control corn borers. triploid amur carp, have been used
successfully in some aquatic areas.
8. chemical control: may be an integral part of an ipm program. quick effective short term, consider non-chem-
ical methods first, consider environmental impacts, apply at proper time and site
9. plant pests: are generally categorized as insects and other animals, weeds, or diseases. first step in pest control
is identification of the pest
10. miticides: mites
11. desiccants: plants to be dehydrated
12. active ingredients: toxic to the pest. examples: glysophate, carbaryl, propiconazole
13. inactive ingredients: example: solvent or dry carrier
14. adjuvant-: a chemical that modifies a pesticides physical properties and/or enhances performance
15. drift reduction additives: increase droplet size and reduce drift
16. spreaders: help individual spray droplets spread out on the treated surface
17. stickers: improve pesticide adherence to the treated surface
18. penetrant: improves systematic pesticide penetration in the treated surface
19. jar test: perform a jar test physical compatibility is a concern
1/5
, Illinois pesticide general standards
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_41dio1
20. selective pesticides: control some related pests, but not others. example-2,4-D to control broadleaf weeds
in grasses
21. non-selective pesticides: control all related pests. example-glyphosate to control all weeds along a
fence row
22. contact pesticides: do not move within the plant. expamle-daconil fungicide, sevin insecticide, gramoxone
herbicide
23. systematic pesticides: move within the plant. example-apron fungicide, merit insecticide, roundup
herbicide
24. preharvest interval (PHI): minimum time that mush pass between application and harvest
25. Spot applications: treat only a portion of the total area and are used to control pests that are grouped or
clustered
26. Band applications: treat only a narrow strip over or alongside a row of desirable plants
27. broadcast applications: treat the entire area or field
28. nozzle spacing and boom height: determines the overlap on a boom sprayer. raise increases
overlab. lower decreases overlap
29. amount of spray applied: flow rate of spray determined by oricifice size
30. uniformity of the spray: determined by nozzle pattern and overlap
31. coverage of the target: influence by droplet size
32. small droplets: provide better coverage, but more likely to drift
33. droplet sizes: influence coverage of target and drift
34. droplet size spectrum: nozzle produce a range of droplet sizes
35. vapor drift: movement of pesticide in vapor or gas form
36. particle drift: movement of spray droplets
37. particle drift is primarily influenced by: droplet size, wind speed, wind direction
38. nozzles: affect droplet size, smaller droplets are more likely to drift, orifice size determines droplet size
39. boom height: determines distance spray travels to target, shorter distance means less exposure to wind
40. Do not spray when:: wind speed is greater than 10 mph, wind is blowing towards sensitive areas, winds
are shifting, during periods of calm or during an inversion
41. oral: swallowing, accidentally drinking pesticide, not washing hands before lunch when applying pesticides
42. inhalation: breathing, mixing an loading pesticides in a confined area, such as a storage building, applying
pesticides in a grain bin or other confined area
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_41dio1
1. pest: any insect, mite, rodent,nematode, fungus, weed, or other plant or animal that is injurious to the health of
humans, animals, or to the environment
2. economic threshold: number of pests per plant or the amount of damage to a plant at which point control
measures should be begun
3. economic injury level: break-even point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused
by a pest
4. aesthetic injury level: number of pests that might cause enough damage to the appearance of a plant to
warrant the cost of control
5. cultural control: improves crop health in order to make the crop better able to compete against pests. for
example, a dense, vigorous stand of turfgrass that has been properly fertilized and mowed is the best defense against
invading weeds. selecting plants that are resistant to insects or disease pathogens is another cultural control practice
6. mechanical control: physically eliminates the best. hand pulling, hoeing, rotary hoeing, cultivating, mow-
ing, and aquatic weed harvesting can control weeds and minimize the needs for herbicides
7. biological control: the use of living organisms to reduce pest populations to economically acceptable levels.
insects,diseases, or parasitic plants can be used as control agents to reduce weed competitiveness. examples for pest
control-parasitic wasps to control alfalfa weevil and b.t. to control corn borers. triploid amur carp, have been used
successfully in some aquatic areas.
8. chemical control: may be an integral part of an ipm program. quick effective short term, consider non-chem-
ical methods first, consider environmental impacts, apply at proper time and site
9. plant pests: are generally categorized as insects and other animals, weeds, or diseases. first step in pest control
is identification of the pest
10. miticides: mites
11. desiccants: plants to be dehydrated
12. active ingredients: toxic to the pest. examples: glysophate, carbaryl, propiconazole
13. inactive ingredients: example: solvent or dry carrier
14. adjuvant-: a chemical that modifies a pesticides physical properties and/or enhances performance
15. drift reduction additives: increase droplet size and reduce drift
16. spreaders: help individual spray droplets spread out on the treated surface
17. stickers: improve pesticide adherence to the treated surface
18. penetrant: improves systematic pesticide penetration in the treated surface
19. jar test: perform a jar test physical compatibility is a concern
1/5
, Illinois pesticide general standards
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_41dio1
20. selective pesticides: control some related pests, but not others. example-2,4-D to control broadleaf weeds
in grasses
21. non-selective pesticides: control all related pests. example-glyphosate to control all weeds along a
fence row
22. contact pesticides: do not move within the plant. expamle-daconil fungicide, sevin insecticide, gramoxone
herbicide
23. systematic pesticides: move within the plant. example-apron fungicide, merit insecticide, roundup
herbicide
24. preharvest interval (PHI): minimum time that mush pass between application and harvest
25. Spot applications: treat only a portion of the total area and are used to control pests that are grouped or
clustered
26. Band applications: treat only a narrow strip over or alongside a row of desirable plants
27. broadcast applications: treat the entire area or field
28. nozzle spacing and boom height: determines the overlap on a boom sprayer. raise increases
overlab. lower decreases overlap
29. amount of spray applied: flow rate of spray determined by oricifice size
30. uniformity of the spray: determined by nozzle pattern and overlap
31. coverage of the target: influence by droplet size
32. small droplets: provide better coverage, but more likely to drift
33. droplet sizes: influence coverage of target and drift
34. droplet size spectrum: nozzle produce a range of droplet sizes
35. vapor drift: movement of pesticide in vapor or gas form
36. particle drift: movement of spray droplets
37. particle drift is primarily influenced by: droplet size, wind speed, wind direction
38. nozzles: affect droplet size, smaller droplets are more likely to drift, orifice size determines droplet size
39. boom height: determines distance spray travels to target, shorter distance means less exposure to wind
40. Do not spray when:: wind speed is greater than 10 mph, wind is blowing towards sensitive areas, winds
are shifting, during periods of calm or during an inversion
41. oral: swallowing, accidentally drinking pesticide, not washing hands before lunch when applying pesticides
42. inhalation: breathing, mixing an loading pesticides in a confined area, such as a storage building, applying
pesticides in a grain bin or other confined area
2/5
