Science Medicine Gastroenterology
Pathophysiology Exam 5
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Ch 12: pathology Abdominal viscera pt 2 Small intestine:ileum pt.2 GI cont
23 terms 51 terms 10 terms 175 term
brookechance_ Preview marshallflaig Preview Marisa_Campos90 Preview Ma
Function of the GI System - Ingestion of food
- Propulsion of food and wastes from the mouth to the anus
- Secretion of mucus, water, and enzymes
- Mechanical digestion of food particles
- Chemical digestion of food particles
- Absorption of digested food
- Elimination of waste products by defecation
- Immune and microbial protection against infection
What cells does Gastric Glands have? Chief Cell and Parietal Cells
Chief (Zymogenic) Cells Predominantly located in the body/base of the gland. Secretes pepsinogen
Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells - Larger than chief cells. Concentrated in the central half of the gland
- Secretes hydrochloric acid and gastric intrinsic factor
In the small intestine, intestinal villi absorb what? Nutrients
In the large intestine, intestinal crypts absorb what? Water, no villi
, Peds Consideration: Digestive System - At birth, the digestive system is still immature
- Weak lower esophageal sphincter leads to reflux
- Stomach is small: requires frequent feedings
- Infants lack sufficient release of digestive and pancreatic enzymes needed for
digestion
- They often experience bloating and gas
- Poor tongue and mouth control: high risk of choking
Older Adults Consideration: Digestive System Everything essential decrase with aging (b/c overuse overtime)
- Tooth deterioration/ loss
- Taste buds decline (why they add so much salt to everything)
- Sense of smell diminishes
- Salivary secretion decreases
- Dysphagia more common
- Gastric motility decreased
- Gastric acidity decreased
- Protective mucosal barrier decreased
- Slower absorption of nutrients
- Rectal muscle mass decreases/ anal sphincter weakens
Vomiting Forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents that can lead to
metabolic abnormalities (abnormal response)
Where is the vomiting center of the brain located? Medulla
When vomiting occurs, the abdominal contents contract - Respiration should cease
and the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, resulting in? - Often accompanied by nausea, tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor, and
hypersalivation
Serveal types of stimuli will initiate vomiting, like? - Any distention/irritation of GI tract structures
- Torsion or trauma of various organs
- Vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
- Motion sickness
- Chemoreceptor trigger zone activated by chemicals, toxins, drugs
- Hypoxia
What causes projectile vomiting? Increased intracranial pressure, intestinal obstructions, aneurysms, GI
obstructions, extreme cardiac event
Constipation - Difficult or infrequent defecation
- Individually determined…
- Normal bowel habits range from 3 times/day to 1 time/week
- Change in bowel habits could be sign of cancer
Primary Condition of Constipation - Functional issue
- Pelvic or outlet dysfunction - weakness of abdominal muscles or dilation of the
colon/rectum
Pathophysiology Exam 5
Save
Students also studied
Ch 12: pathology Abdominal viscera pt 2 Small intestine:ileum pt.2 GI cont
23 terms 51 terms 10 terms 175 term
brookechance_ Preview marshallflaig Preview Marisa_Campos90 Preview Ma
Function of the GI System - Ingestion of food
- Propulsion of food and wastes from the mouth to the anus
- Secretion of mucus, water, and enzymes
- Mechanical digestion of food particles
- Chemical digestion of food particles
- Absorption of digested food
- Elimination of waste products by defecation
- Immune and microbial protection against infection
What cells does Gastric Glands have? Chief Cell and Parietal Cells
Chief (Zymogenic) Cells Predominantly located in the body/base of the gland. Secretes pepsinogen
Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells - Larger than chief cells. Concentrated in the central half of the gland
- Secretes hydrochloric acid and gastric intrinsic factor
In the small intestine, intestinal villi absorb what? Nutrients
In the large intestine, intestinal crypts absorb what? Water, no villi
, Peds Consideration: Digestive System - At birth, the digestive system is still immature
- Weak lower esophageal sphincter leads to reflux
- Stomach is small: requires frequent feedings
- Infants lack sufficient release of digestive and pancreatic enzymes needed for
digestion
- They often experience bloating and gas
- Poor tongue and mouth control: high risk of choking
Older Adults Consideration: Digestive System Everything essential decrase with aging (b/c overuse overtime)
- Tooth deterioration/ loss
- Taste buds decline (why they add so much salt to everything)
- Sense of smell diminishes
- Salivary secretion decreases
- Dysphagia more common
- Gastric motility decreased
- Gastric acidity decreased
- Protective mucosal barrier decreased
- Slower absorption of nutrients
- Rectal muscle mass decreases/ anal sphincter weakens
Vomiting Forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents that can lead to
metabolic abnormalities (abnormal response)
Where is the vomiting center of the brain located? Medulla
When vomiting occurs, the abdominal contents contract - Respiration should cease
and the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, resulting in? - Often accompanied by nausea, tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor, and
hypersalivation
Serveal types of stimuli will initiate vomiting, like? - Any distention/irritation of GI tract structures
- Torsion or trauma of various organs
- Vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
- Motion sickness
- Chemoreceptor trigger zone activated by chemicals, toxins, drugs
- Hypoxia
What causes projectile vomiting? Increased intracranial pressure, intestinal obstructions, aneurysms, GI
obstructions, extreme cardiac event
Constipation - Difficult or infrequent defecation
- Individually determined…
- Normal bowel habits range from 3 times/day to 1 time/week
- Change in bowel habits could be sign of cancer
Primary Condition of Constipation - Functional issue
- Pelvic or outlet dysfunction - weakness of abdominal muscles or dilation of the
colon/rectum
