Major Trauma & ATLS Exam Questions and Answers | Guaranteed Pass | Graded A+

Major Trauma & ATLS Exam Questions and Answers | Guaranteed Pass | Graded A+ What are two major types of injuries? - answer-Penetrating and blunt injuries What are examples of low-velocity penetrating injuries? - answer-Knives, sharp objects What are examples of blunt injuries? - answer-Direct blows, fall from height, road traffic accidents (RTA) What are immediate life-threatening thoracic conditions? - answer-Tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, open pneumothorax What is the commonest type of shock in major trauma? - answer-Haemorrhagic shock What are sites of hidden haemorrhage in trauma? - answer-Intra-abdominal, intra-thoracic, fractures of pelvis and femur What initial IV fluid is often given in major trauma resuscitation? - answer-One litre Ringer's lactate solution for adults What is monitored to assess resuscitative adequacy? - answer-Vital signs, urine output, Central Venous Pressure (CVP) What urine output is a goal for resuscitative adequacy? - answer-0.5-1 ml/kg body weight/hour What mnemonic helps obtain a trauma patient's history? - answer-AMPLE (Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events of injury)What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used for in trauma? - answer-Detailed neurological assessment during the secondary survey What indicates a definitive airway in trauma? - answer-Apnoea, Glasgow coma scale of 8 or lower, risk of aspiration What airway manoeuvre is used in unconscious trauma patients? - answer-Oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway tube When is a definitive airway (cuffed tracheal tube) indicated in trauma? - answer-Impending airway compromise, maxillofacial trauma, inhalation injuries When might nasotracheal intubation be safer in trauma? - answer-If the cervical spine appears fractured What is the initial management of bleeding in trauma? - answer-Direct pressure if possible What size peripheral IV lines are typically inserted in major trauma? - answer-Two large-calibre (minimum 18 gauge) When is blood infusion indicated in trauma resuscitation? - answer-In cases with minimal or no response to IV fluids and when cross-matched blood is available What is done with the trauma victim's clothes during exposure? - answer-All clothes are removed using sharp large scissors What is done to prevent hypothermia in trauma? - answer-Keep the emergency room warm and use blankets When is a urethral catheter contraindicated in trauma? - answer-If there is blood at the meatus How is the back examined in a trauma patient with potential spinal injury? - answer-Patient's body is turned in one piece (log rolling) by four personsWhen is CT or diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) indicated in blunt abdominal trauma? - answerAssociated with perineal injury or rectal examination findings What should be noted during the definitive treatment phase of trauma? - answer-Some cases may require transfer to another hospital with specialized facilities What are the main causes of major trauma? - answer-Road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls from height, penetrating trauma What is multi-system trauma? - answer-Injury to multiple body systems (e.g., chest + abdominal) What is polytrauma? - answer-Serious injury to ≥2 body regions, with systemic response What is penetrating trauma caused by? - answer-Objects entering the body (e.g., knives, bullets) What are examples of blunt trauma causes? - answer-RTAs, falls, assault What injuries can seatbelts cause in RTAs? - answer-Fracture of the clavicle, damage to the small intestine What are three time-based causes of trauma death? - answer-Immediate, early, and late death What are common causes of immediate trauma death? - answer-Massive brain injury, aortic rupture, cardiac arrest from haemorrhage When does early trauma death typically occur? - answer-Within the first hour What are preventable causes of early trauma death? - answer-Subdural hematoma, hemothorax, pelvic fracture with bleeding What are common causes of late trauma death? - answer-Sepsis, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)What is the "Golden Hour" in trauma? - answer-The first 60 minutes post-trauma What is the purpose of the primary survey in trauma? - answer-To detect and manage immediate lifethreatening injuries What is the first step in the ABCDE approach? - answer-A - Airway with Cervical Spine Protection How should the airway be opened in trauma with potential c-spine injury? - answer-With jaw thrust, not head tilt