ATLS: Spine And Spinal Cord Trauma Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+

ATLS: Spine And Spinal Cord Trauma Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+ cervical region (55%) - answer-Most spine injuries occur in the _____ region Spinal cord injury - answer-What most likely occurred? bradycardia and low BP - answer-Describe neurogenic shock cardiovascular effects: 10 - answer-Up to ___% of patients with a cervical spine fracture have a second, noncontiguous vertebral column fracture. during patient transportation - answer-Therefore, long backboards should be used only _______, and every effort should be made to remove patients from spine boards as quickly as possible. 7 - answer-The spinal column consists of ___ cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, as well as the sacrum and coccyx anteriorly - answer-The typical vertebra consists of an ______ placed vertebral body, which forms part of the main weight-bearing column. cervical - answer-The ______ spine, because of its mobility and exposure, is the most vulnerable part of the spine to - answer-Most patients with injuries at this level who survive are neurologically intact on arrival to the hospital. However, approximately one-third of patients with upper cervical spine injuries (i.e., injury above C3) die at the scene from ______ caused by loss of central innervation of the phrenic nerves. C3 - answer-Below the level of _____, the spinal canal diameter is much smaller relative to the spinal cord diameter, and vertebral column injuries are much more likely to cause spinal cord injuries. wedge compression - answer-Most thoracic spine fractures are _______ fractures that are not associated with spinal cord injury. Neurogenic - answer-_________ shock results in the loss of vasomotor tone and sympathetic innervation to the heart. Injury to the cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord (T6 and above) can cause impairment of the descending sympathetic pathways. atropine - answer-In neurogenic shock use of vasopressors may be required after moderate volume replacement, and _______ may be used to counteract hemodynamically significant bradycardia. Spinal - answer-___________ shock refers to the flaccidity (loss of muscle tone) and loss of reflexes that occur immediately after spinal cord injury. After a period of time, spasticity ensues. pelvic fracture - answer-The inability to perceive pain can mask a potentially serious injury elsewhere in the body, such as the usual signs of acute abdominal or pelvic pain associated with __________. thoracic - answer-Incomplete or complete paraplegia (______ injury) cervical cord - answer-Incomplete or complete quadriplegia/ tetraplegia (______ injury) Central cord - answer-________ syndrome is characterized by a dispro- portionately greater loss of motor strength in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities, with varying degrees of sensory loss. This syndrome typically occurs after a hyperextension injury in a patient with preexisting cervical canal stenosis. Anterior cord - answer-__________ syndrome results from injury to the motor and sensory pathways in the anterior part of the cord. It is characterized by paraplegia and a bilateral loss of pain andtemperature sensation. However, sensation from the intact dorsal column (i.e., position, vibration, and deep pressure sense) is preserved. This syndrome has the poorest prognosis of the incomplete injuries and occurs most commonly following cord ischemia. Brown-Séquard - answer-___________ syndrome results from hemisection of the cord, usually due to a penetrating trauma. In its pure form, the syndrome consists of ipsilateral motor loss (corticospinal tract) and loss of position sense (dorsal column), associated with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation beginning one to two levels below the level of injury (spino-thalamic tract) BURST - answer-The most common C1 fracture is a ________ fracture (Jefferson fracture). The typical mechanism of injury is axial loading, which occurs when a large load falls vertically on the head or a patient lands on the top of his or her head in a relatively neutral position. Jefferson fractures involve disruption of the anterior and posterior rings of C1 with lateral displacement of the lateral masses. The fracture is best seen on an open-mouth view of the C1 to C2 region and axial computed tomography (CT) scans the lowest key muscle that has a muscle grade of at least 3 - answer-Motor level of spinal cord injury is determined by: subluxation - answer-The C1 rotary _______ injury is most often seen in children. It can occur spontaneously, after major or minor trauma, with an upper respiratory infection, or with rheumatoid arthritis. C5-C6 - answer-The area of greatest flexion and extension of the cervical spine occurs at C_____ and is thus most vulnerable to injury. C5 - answer-In adults, the most common level of cervical vertebral fracture is ____, and the most common level of subluxation is C5 on C6 Chance - answer-______ fractures are transverse fractures through the vertebral body (n FIGURE 7-7). They are caused by flexion about an axis anterior to the vertebral column and are most frequently seen following motor vehicle crashes in which the patient was restrained by only an improperly placed lap belt.